ИСТОЧНИКИ
Архивные материалы
1. Архив Академии наук СССР. Ленинград.
2. Great Britain. Public Record Office. London.
3. Liverpool City Library. Archives.
4. Papers of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery and Aborigens Protection Society (Oxford. Rhodes House Library)
Правительственные публикации. Сборники документов
5. Мартенс Ф. Собрание трактатов и конвенций, заключенных Россиею с иностранными державами. Т. 1–16. СПб., 1874–1909.
6. ООН. ЮНЕСКО. Генеральная конференция, XX. Декларация о расе и расовых предрассудках, принятая Генеральной конференцией ЮНЕСКО на двадцатой сессии. Париж, 27 ноября 1978 г. М., 1980.
7. Трактат, заключенный в Лондоне 8/20 декабря 1841 г. между Россиею, Австриею, Франциею, Великобританией и Пруссиею, об уничтожении торга неграми. СПб., 1842.
8. Abrege des preuves donnees devant un comite de la Chambre des Communes de la Grande Bretagne, en 1790 et 1791, en faveur de l'abolition de la traite des Negres. Vienne, 1814.
9. Abstract of Documents Relating to South-Eastern Africa Collected in Various Libraries and Archives Department in Europe. Vol. VIII. Cape Town, 1964.
10. American State Papers. Vol. 1–38. Wash., 1832–1861
11. And Why Not Every Man? Documentary Story of the Fight Against Slavery in the USA. N. Y. 1970.
12. Assiento, or Contract for Allowing to the Subjects of Great Britain the Liberty of Importing Negroes into the Spanish America. L., 1713.
13. Association of Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa. Proceedings. L., 1791.
14. Brasio A. Monumenta missionaria africana. Africa Occidental. Vol. V, VI. Lisboa, 1955.
15. British Parliamentary Papers. Correspondence with British Ministers and Agents in Foreign Countries, and with Foreign Ministers in England Relating to the Slave Trade. From April 1, 1848 to March 31, 1849. Class B. Pt 1. L., 1849.
16. Buchez P. J. et Roux P.-C. Histoiere parlementaire de la Revolution française, ou journal des Assemblers nationnales, depuis 1789 jusqu'en 1815. T. 1–40. P., 1834–1838.
17. Chronicles of Black Protest. N. Y., 1968.
18. A Collection of Documents on the Slave Trade of Eastern Africa. L., 1976.
19. Collection des ouvrages anciens concernant Madagascar. T. 2. 1613–1640. P., 1904.
20. «The Congressional Globe»Containing the Debates, Proceedings etc. of Third Session Thirty-Fourth Congress. Wash., 1857.
21. Documents Illustrative of the History of the Slave Trade to America. Vol. 1–4. Wash., 1930–1935.
22. Documents of American History. N. Y., 1940.
23. English Historical Documents. Vol. IX. American Colonial Documents to 1776. L., 1955.
24. Europeans in West Africa. 1450–1560. Documents to Illustrate the Nature and Scope of Portuguese Enterprise in West Africa, the Abortive Attempts of Castilians to Create an Empire There and the Early English Voyages to Barbary and Guinea. Vol. I–II. L., 1942 (Works Issued by the Hakluyt Society, 2-nd ser., № 86, 87.)
25. European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and its Dependencies. Vol. 1–3. Wash., 1917–1934.
26. Freeman-Grenville G. S. P. The East African Coast. Select Documents from the First to the Earlier Nineteenth Century. Oxf., 1962.
27. Great Britain. Foreign Office. British and Foreign State Papers. Vol. 1–60 L., 1841–1876.
28. Great Britain. Parliament. Abridgement of the Minutes of the Evidence Taken Before a Committee of the Whole House to whom It was Refferred to Consider of the Slave Trade, № 1–4. L., 1789–1791.
29. Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. An Abstract of the Evidence Delivered Before a Select Committee of the House of Commons in the Years 1790, and 179,1: on the Part of the Petitioners for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. L., 1791.
30. Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords Report of the Lords of the Committee on Council Appointed for the Consideration of All Matters Relating to Trade and Foreign Plantations; Submitting to His Majesty's Consideration the Evidence and Information They Have Collected in Consequence of His Majesty's Order in Council, Dated the 11-th of February 1788, Concerning the Present State of the Trade to Africa, and Particularly the Trade in Slaves; and Concerning the Effects and Consequenses of This Trade, as well as in Africa and the West Indies, as to the General Commerce of This Kingdom. L., 1789
31. Great Britain. Parliament. The Parliamentary Debates From the Year 1803 to the Present Time. Vol. 1–41. L., 1812^1820.
32. Great Britain. Parliament. Parliamentary Debates From the Year 1803 to the Present Time. New Series. Vol. 1–25. L., 1821–1830.
33. Great Britain. Parliament. Parliamentary Debates From the Year 1803 to the Present Time. Third Series. Vol. t — 182. L., 1831–1866..
34. Great Britain. Parliament. The Parliamentary History of England From the Earliest Period to the Year 1803. Vol. 1–36. L., 1806–1820
35. Great Britain. Parliament. Parliamentary Papers. Vol. 50. L., 1849.
36. Hertslet E. The Map of Africa by Treaty. Vol. 1–3. L., 1909.
37. Instructions to Slavers. — Sea Breezes. New Series. Liverpool, Vol. 23. 1957.
38. Jong E. de et Simar Th. Archives congolaises. T. 1. Bruxelles, 1919.
39. Memorials Presented to the Congress of the United States of America by the Different Societies Instituted for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery etc. in the States of Rhode — Island, Connecticut, New York, Pensylvania, Maryland and Virginia. Philadelphia, 1792.
40. Paiva Manso. Historia do Congo. Documentos. Lisboa, 1877.
41. Recueil destraites de la France. T. 1–21. P., 1880–1903.
42. Register of Debates in Congress Comprising the Leading Debates and Incidents of the First Session of the XVII-th Congress. Wash., 1824.
43. Report by Commissioner Johnston of the First Three Year's Administration of the Eastern Portion of British Central Africa, Dated March 31, 1894. — Africa, № 6, 1894, с 7504. L., 1894.
44 The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 2–3
(20–21). L., 1807-^1809.
45. Substance of the Debate in the House of Commons on Tuesday the 1-st and on Friday the 11-th of June 1824, on a Motion of Henry Brougham, esq. Respecting the Trial and Condemnation to Death by a Court Martial of the Rev. John Smith, Late Missionary in the Colony of Demerary. With a Preface Containing Some New Facts Illustrative of the Subject. L., 1824.
46. Substance of the Debates on a Resolution for Abolishing the Slave Trade Which Was Moved in the House of Commons 10-th June 1806 and in the House of Lords 24-th June 1806. L., 1968. (1-st ed. 1806).
47. Trial of Pedro de Zulueta, Junior, on a Charge of Slave Trading Under the 5 geo. IV cap. 113, on Friday the 27-th, Saturday the 28-th and Monday the 30-th of October 1843, at the Central Criminal Court, Old Bailey, London. A Full Report from the Short-Hand. L., 1844.
Мемуары. Дневники. Путевые заметки. Письма
48. Керстен О. Путешествие по Восточной Африке в 1859–1861 гг. барона Карла Клауса фон Деккена. М., 1870.
49. Ковалевский Е.П. Путешествие во Внутреннюю Африку Е. Ковалевского, автора «Странствователя по суше и морям» и проч. СПб., 1848. Т. 2.
50. Лас Касас Б. де. История Индий. Л., 1968.
51. Ливингстон Д. Последнее путешествие в Центральную Африку. Дневники, которые он вел в Центральной Африке с 1865 г. по день смерти. М., 1968.
52. Ливингстон Д., Ливингстон Ч. Путешествие по Замбези с 1858 по 1864 г. М., 1956.
53. Ливингстон Д. Путешествия и исследования в Южной Африке с 1840 по 1855 г. М., 1955.
54. Парк М. Путешествие во внутренность Африки, предпринятое по приказанию и под управлением Английской Африканской Компании в 1795, 1796 и 1797 годах хирургом Мунго Парком. Ч.,1–2. М., 1806–1808.
55. Собрание путешествий, предпринятых агентами Лондонского общества африканских территорий. Т. 1–2. СПб., 1807.
56. Стенли Г.М. В дебрях Африки. М., 1958.
57. Стенли Г.М. Как я отыскал Ливингстона. Путешествия, приключения и открытия в Африке. СПб., 1873.
58. Эксквемелин А.О. Пираты Америки. М., 1968.
59. Adams J. Remarks on the Country Extending from Cape Palmas. to the River Congo, Including Observations on the Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants With an Appendix Containing an Account of the European Trade with the West Coast of Africa. L., 1823.
60. Africa Remembered: Narratives by West Africans from the Era of the Slave Trade. Madison — London, 1967.
61. Allen W. and Thomson T. A. Narrative of the Expedition Sent by Her Majesty's Government to the River Niger in 1841. Vol. 1–2. L., 1848.
62. Azurara G. E. The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea. Vol. 1–2. L., 1896–1899 (Works Issued by the Hakluyt Societv. No 95, 100.)
63. Baikie W. Narrative of an Exploring Voyage up the Rivers Quorra and Binue (Commonly Known as the Niger and Tsadda) in 1854. L., 1856.
64. Barbot J. Description of the Coasts of North and South Guinea and of Ethiopia Inferior, Vulgary Angola, Being a New Account of the Western Maritime Countries of Africa, Containing a Geographical, Political, and Natural History of the Kingdoms, Provinces, Common-Wealth, Territories and Islands Belonging to It. Their Product, Inhabitants, Manners, Languages, Trade, Wars, Policy and Religion. With a Full Account of All the European Settlements; Their Rise Progress and Present Condition; Their Commerce, and Measures for Improving the Several Branches of the Guinea and Angola Trade. Also, of Trade-Winds, Breezes, Tornadoes, Harmatans, Tides and Currents, etc. — Churchill A. and J. A Collection of Voyages and Travels, Some Now First Printed from Original Manuscripts, Others Now First Published in English. Vol. 5. L., 1746.
65. Barbot J. and Casseneuwe J. An Abstract of a Voyage to Congo River, or the Zair, and to Cabinde, in the Year 1700. — Chirchill A, and J. A Collection of Voyages and Travels Some Now First Printed from Original Manuscripts, Others Now First Publisched in English. Vol. 5. L., 1746.
66. Barnard F. L. A Three years' Cruise in the Mozambique Channel for the Suppression of the Slave Trade. L., 1848.
67. Barros Y. de, Couta D. de. Da Asia. 24 vols. Lisboa, 1777–1778.
67a. Bosman G. Voyage de Guinée, contenant une description nouvelle et thes exacte de cette côte où l’on tronye et l’on trafique l’or, les dents d'elephant et les esclaves; de ses pays, royaumes et republiques, des maeurs des habitants, de leur religion, gouvernement, administration, de la justice, de leurs guerres, manages, sepultures etc. Comme aussi de la nature et qutlite de terroir, des arbres fruitiers et sauvages, de divers animaux tout domestique que sauvages, des betes a quatre pieds, des reptiles, des. oiseaux, des pois-sons, et de plusieurs autres choses rates, inconnues jusque à prtsent Europeens. Utrecht, 1705.
68. Boteler T. Narrative of a Voyage of Discovery to Africa and Arabia, Performed by His Majesty's Ships «Leven» and «Barracouta» from 1821 to 1826, Under the Command of Capt. F. W. Owen. Vol. 1–2. L. 1835.
69. Brissot T. P. (Warville). Nouveau voyage dans les Etats — Unis de l’Ameique Septentrionale, fait en 1788. T. 1–3. P., 1791.
70. Burton R. A. A Mission to Gelele, King of Dahomey, with Notice of So Called «Amazons», Grand Customs, Yearly Customs, Human Sacrifices, Present State of Slave Trade. Vol. 1–2. L., 1864.
71. Canot Th. Adventures of an African Slaver. Being a True Account of the Life of Captain Theodore Canot, Trader in Gold, Ivory and Slaves on the Coast of Guinea. His Own Story as Told in the Year 1854 to Brantz Mayer. N. Y., 1928.
72. Clapperton H., Denham D. Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa in the Years 1822, 1823 and 1824. L., 1826.
73. Colomb R. N. Slave Catching in the Indian Ocean. L., 1968. (.1-st ed. 1873).
74. Crow H. Memoirs of the Late Captain Hugh Crow, of Liverpool; Comprising a Narrative of His Life, Together with Descriptive Sketches of the Western Coast of Africa Customs of the Inhabitants, the Product-country, to which are Added, Anecdotes and Observations, Illustrative of the Negro Character. London, 1830.
75. Cuguoano 0. Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery. L., 1969 (1-st ed. 1787).
76. Devereux В.С. A Cruise in the «Gorgon» or, Eighteen Months on H. M. S. «Gorgon», Engaged in the Suppression of the Slave Trade on the East Coast of Africa. Including a Trip up the Zambezi with Dr. Livingstone. L., 1869.
77. Duncan J. Reisen in Westafrika, von Whydah durch das Konigreich Dahomey nach Adofudia im Innern. In den Jahren 1845 und 1846. Bd. 1–2. Dresden und Leipzig, 1848.
78. Efik Traders of Old Calabar. Containing the Diary of Antera Duke, an Efik Slave Trading Chief of the Eighteenth Century, Together with an Ethnografic Sketch and Notes by D. Simmons and an Essay on the Political Organisation of Old Calabar by G. I. Jones. L., 1956.
79. Falconbridge A. An Account of the Slave-Trade on the Coast of Africa. L., 1788.
80. Forbes F. E. Dahomev and the Dahomans: Being the Journals of Two Missions to the King of Dahomey and Residence at His Capital in the Years 1849 and 1850. P., 1851.
81. Forbes F. E. Six Month's Service in the African Blockade From April to October, 1848 in Command of H. M. S. «Bonetta». L., 1969 (1st ed. 1849).
82. General Rigby, Zanzibar and Slave Trade, With Journal, Dispatches etc. L. 1935.
83 Hakluyt's Collection of the Early Voyages, Travels and Discoveries of the English Nation. Vol. 1–5. L., 1809–1812.
84 The Hawkins' Voyages During the Reigns of Henry VIII, Queen Elizabeth and James I. L., 1878. (Works Issued by the Hakluyt Society, № 57).
85. Hodson J. H. The Letter Book of Robert Bostock, a Merchant in the Liverpool Slave Trade, 1789–1792. — Libraries, Museums and Arts Committee Bulletin. Б. м., Vol. 3, № 1–2, 1953.
86. Labarthe P. Voyage a la Cote de Guinee ou description des cotes d'Afrique depuis le cap Tagrin Jusqu'au cap de Lopez — Conzalves. Contenant des instructions relatives a la traite des noirs d'apres des memoires authentiaues. P., 1803.
87. Labat J. B. Voyage du chevallier des Marchais en Guinee isles voisines et a Cayenne fait en 1725, 1726, 1727. Contenant une description tres exacte et tres etendue de ces pals, et du commerce qui s'y fait. T. 1–4. P., 1730.
88. Laird M. and Oldfleld R. Narrative of an Expedition into the Interior of Africa by the River Niger in the Steam — Vissels «Quorra» and «Alburkah» in 1832, 1833 and 1834. Vol. 1–2. L., 1837.
89. Lander R. and J. Journal of an Expedition to Explore the Course and Termination of the Niger. Vol. 1–3. L., 1838.
90. Leonard P. Records of a Voyage to the Western Coast of Africa in His Majesty's Ship «Dryad» and of the Service on that Station for the Supres-sion of the Slave Trade in the Years 1830, 1831 and 1832. Edinburgh, 1833.
91. Mellon M. J. Early American Views on Negro Slavery. From the Letters and Papers of the Founders of the Republic. N. Y., 1969.
92. Merolla J. A Voyage to Congo. — Churchill A. and J. A Collection of Voyages and Travels, Some Now First Printed From Original Manuscripts, Others Now First Published in English. Vol. I. L., 1704.
93. Newton J. The Journal of a Slave Trader 1750–1754, with Newton's «Thoughts Upon African Slave Trade». L., 1962 (1-st ed. 1788).
94. Norris R. Voyage au pays de Dahome. On у a ajoute des observations sur la traite des negres, avec une description de quelques parties de la cote de Guinee durant un voyage fait en 1787 et 1788 par С Wadstrom. P., 1790.
95. Pacheco Pereira D. Esmeraldo de situ orbis. L., 1937 (Works Issued by the Hakluyt Society. 2-nd Ser. № 79).
96. Phillips Th. Journal of a Voyage Made in «the Hannibal» of London From England to Cape Monseradoe in Africa; and Thence Along the Coast of Guinea to Whidaw, the Island of St. Thomas, and So Forward to Barho-does. — Churchill A. and J. A Collection of Voyages and Travels, Some Now First Printed From Original Manuscripts, Others Now First Published in English. Vol. 6. L., 1764.
97. Richardson J. D. A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. 1. Wash., 1899.
98. Secret History of the Slave Trade to Cuba Written by an American Naval Officer, Robert Wilson Schufeldt, 1861. — Journal of Negro History. Wash., 1970, vol. LV, № 3.
99. Smith J. Trade and Travels in the Gulf of Guinea. L., 1851.
100. Snelgrave G. Nouvelle relation de quelques endroits de Guinee, et du commerce d'esclaves qu'on fait. Amsterdam, 1735.
101. Sulivan G. L. Dhow Chasing in Zanzibar Waters and on Eastern Coast of Africa. Narrative of Five Years Experiences in the Suppression of the Slave Trade. L., 1873.
102. Turnbull D. Travels in the West Cuba with Notice of Porto Rico and the Slave Trade. L., 1840.
103. The Voyage of Cadamosto and Other Documents on Western Africa in the Second Half of the Fifteenth Century. L., 1937 (Works Issued by the Hakluyt Society, 2-nd ser., № 80).
104. Whinthrop's Journal «History of the New England», 1630–1645. Vol. 2. N. Y.,,1908.
105. The Zambezi Doctor David Livingstone's Letter to John Kirk, 1858–1862. Edinburgh, 1964.
Аболиционистская и антиаболиционистская литература
106. Рейналь Г. Философическая и политическая история о заведениях и коммерции европейцев в обеих Индиях. Ч. 1–6. СПб., 1805–1811.
107. Франклин В. Избранные произведения. М., 1956.
108. Address to the Inhabitants of Europe on the Iniquity of the Slave Trade, Issued by the Religious Society, Commonly Called Quakers, in Great Britain and Ireland. L., 1822.
109. Bailey B. A Dissertation upon the Nature of Service or Slavery under the Levitical Law, among the Hebrews in the Earliest Ages, and in the Gentile World, until the Coming of Christ; the Import of Words Expressive of Service or Slavery in the Holy Scriptures; with Reflections on the Change, which Christianity has Made, and Continues to Make, in the Condition of that Class of People Who are Servants. L., 1824.
110. Barclay A. A Practical View of the Present State of Slavery in the West Indies, or, an Examination of Mr. Stephen's Slavery of the British West India Colonies; Containing More Particulary an Account of the Actual Condition of the Negroes in Jamaica, with Observations on the Decrease of the Slaves Since the Abolition of the Slave Trade, and on the Probable Effects of Legislative Emansipation; Also, Structures of the Edinburgh Review, and on the Pamphlets of Mr. Cooper and Mr. Bickell. By A. Barclay, Lately and for Twenty-One Years Resident in Jamaica. L., 1826.
111. Barhan J. F. Considerations on the Abolition of Negro Slavery and the Means of Practically Effecting It. L., 1824.
112. Beecher-Stow H. A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin; Presenting the Original Facts and Documents upon Which the Story Is Founded; Together with Corroborative Statements Verifying the Truth of the Work. Boston, 1853.
113. Benezet A. A Caution and Warning to Great Britain, and Her Colonies, in a Short Representation of the Calamitous State of the Enslaved Negroes in the British Dominions. Collected from Various Authors, and Submitted to the Serious Consideration of All, More Especially of Tho-e in Power. L., 1768.
114. Benezet A. Some Historical Account of Guinea With an Inquiry into the Rise and Progress of the Slave Trade, its Nature and Lamentable Effects. L., 1068 (Cass Library of African Studies. Slavery Series. № 2) (1-st ed. 1788).
115. Bickell. R. The West Indies as They are: or a Real Picture of Slavery but More Particularly as It Exist in Island of Jamaica. London, 1826.
116. Bisset R. The History of the Negro Slave Trade in its Connection with Commerce and Prosperity of the West Indies and the Wealth of the British Empire. Vol. 1–2. L., 1805.
117. Biographical anecdotes, № 2. Edwards Frazer, Fuller etc. Persons of Colour. London, б. г.
118. Bouvet de Gresse A. J. B. Histoire de la catastrophe de Saint-Domingue, avec la correspondance des generaux Leclerc (beau-frere de Bonaparte), Hcnry-Christophe (depuis roi d'Haiti) Hardy, Vilton, etc., Certifisée conforme aux originaux deposes aux archives, par lieutenant general. Rouanez jeune, secretaire d'Etat. P., 1824.
119. Britannicus. A Reply to Article VII of the Edinburgh Review for October 1823 on T. Clarkson Treaties on the Improvement and Emancipation of Slaves in the British Colonies. L., 1824.
120. Britannicus. State of Society and Slavery in Jamaica in a Reply to an Article in the Edinburgh Review. № LXXV. L., 1824.
121. Buxton T. F. The African Slave Trade and its Remedy. L., 1967 (Cass Library of African Studies. Slavery Series № 1) (1-st ed. 1845).
122. Child, Mrs. An Appeal in Favor of that Class of Americans Called Africans. Boston, 1833.
123. Civique de Gastine. Seconde petition adresee a MM les deputes des depar-temens, sur l'abolition de l'esclavage et des reglements inconstitutionnels qui privent les hommes de couleur de leurs droits politiques, dans les colonies franchises. P., 1822.
124. Clarkson Th. The Cries of Africa to the Inhabitants of Europe, or a Survey of that Bloody Commerce Called the Slave Trade. L., 1822.
125. Clarkson Th. An Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species. Translated From a Latine Dissertation. L., 1788. 126. Clarkson Th. The History of the Rise, Progress and Accomplishments of the Abolition of the African Slave Trade by the British Parliament. Vol. I–II. L., 1970 (1st ed. 1808).
127. Clarkson Th. Thoughts on the Necessity of Improving the Condition of the Slaves in the British Colonies, with a View to Their Ultimate Emancipation; and on the Practicability, the Safety, and the Advantages of the Latter Measure. L. 1824.
128. The Committee of the Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions. Report… Read at the General Meeting of the Society, Held on the 25-th Day of June 1824, Together with an Account of the Proceedings Which Took Place at That Meeting. L., 1824.
129. The Committee of the Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions. Third Report… Read at a Special Meeting of the Members and Friends of the Society, Held on the 21-st of December 1825 For the Purpose of Petitioning Parliament on the Subject of Slavery. L., 1826.
130. Cooper T. Correspondence Between George Hubbert, esq., and the rev. T. Cooper, Relative to the Condition of the Negro Slaves in Jamaica, Extracted From the Morning Chronicle; Also a Libel on the Character of Mr. and Mrs. Cooper, Published in 1823, in Several of the Jamaica Journals; with Notes and Remarks. L., 1824.
131. Cooper T. Facts Illustrative of the Condition of the Negro Slaves in Jamaica with Notes and Appendix. L., 1824.
132. The Correspondence Between John Gladstone, Esq., M. P. and James Cropper, Esq., on the Present State of Slavery in the British West Indies and in the United States of America; and on the Importation of Sugar From the British Settlements in India. With an Appendix, Containing Several Papers on the Subject of Slavery. Liverpool, 1824.
133. Cropper J. The Support of Slavery Investigated. Liverpool, 1824.
134. D., Ch-s J — h. Considerations sur l'esclavage aux Antilles franchises et de son abolition graduelle. P., 1843.
135. De I'Etat actuel de la traite des noirs, extrait des renseignements deposes recement a ce sujet sur le bureau de la chambre des communes d'Angleterre, composant le rapport presents le 8 mai 1821, aux direceurs de l'institut Africaine par le comite special nomme a cet sujet imprime par ordre de l'Institut Africaine, comme supplement a son rapport annuel pour 1821. L., 1821.
136. Edwards B. The History Civil and Commercial of the British Colonies in the West Indies. 3 Vols. L., 1801.
137. Frossard B. S. La cause des esclaves negres et des habitants de la Guinte, portee du Tribunal de la justice, de la jeligion, de la politique et histoire de la traite et de l'esclavage des negres, preuves de leur illegitimite, moyens de lcs abolir sans nuire ni aux colonies ni aux colons. T. 1–2. Lvon, 1789.
138. Godwin B. The Substance of a Course of Lectures on British Colonial Slavery. L., 1830.
139. Gregoire H. De la litterature des Negres, ou rechercbesseur leur facultes intellectuelles, leur qualites morales et leur litterature. P., 1808.
140. Gregoire H. Des peines infamantes a infliger aux negriers. P., 1822.
141. Hampden J. A Commentary on Mr. Clarkson's Pamphlet, Entitled Thoughts on the Necessity of Improving the Condition of the Slaves in the British Colonies, with a View to Their Ultimate Emancipation. L., 1824.
142. Horton R. W. Speech in the House of Commons, on the 6-th of March, 1828, on Moving for the Production of the Evidence Taken Before the Privy Council, Upon an Appeal against the Compulsory Manumission of Slaves in Demerera and Berbice; with Notes and Appendix. L., 1828.
143. Hüne A. Vollstandige historisch-politische Darstellung aller Veranderungen des Negersklavenhandels. Bd. 1–2. Göttingen, 1820.
144. Is the System of Slavery Sanctioned or Condemned by Scripture? To which is Subjoined an Appendix Containing Two Essays upon the State of the Canaanite and Philistine Bondsmen, Under the Jewish Theocracy. L.. 1824.
145. Ladies' Anti-Slavery Associations. L., [б. г.].
146. A Letter to William Wilberforce, esq. M. P. on the Subject of Slave Emancipation. By an Eye-Witness. L., 1824.
147. Lindoe R. Observations Upon Slavery; Setting Forth, That to Hold the Principle of Slavery is to Deny Christ. L., 1824.
148. The London Missionary Society's Report of the Proceedings Against the Late Rev. J. Smith, of Demerera, Minister of the Gospel Who was Tried Under Martial Law, and Condemned to Death, on a Charge of Aiding and Asiss-ting in л Rebellion oi” the Negro Slaves. L., 1824.
149. Macaulay Z. The Slave Colonies of Great Britain, or a Picture of Negro Slavery Drawn by the Colonists Themselves. L., 1826.
150. M'Donnell A. A Colonial Commerce. L., 1828.
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* * *
SUMMARY
The book by S. Abramova traces the history of the transatlantic slave-trade from its beginning in the mid-15th century until its end in the latter half of the 19th century.
The Introduction indicates three major periods of the trade. The first began in the middle of the 15th century, when the Portuguese landed on the West African shores, and lasted until the mid-17th century. In the 15th century and in the first decade of the 16th century the slaves were being shipped to Europe; after 1510, with the emergence of Spanish colonies in the West Indies the trade was redirected to the New World. By the mid-17th century capitalism's advancement le
The first two chapters, are concerned with the initial period of slave-trade. The Portuguese were followed, from the 16th* century on, by arrivals in West Africa from the Netherlands, England, and France. The European nations embarked on colonial expansion had by then already seized territories on the American mainland and in the West Indies. The colonies needed cheap labour, and that the Europeans found in Africa.
Nowhere in Africa was the slave hunt more ruthless than in Congo and Angola, with the Portuguese concentrating exclusively on it there as Brazil was opened. The historians tell us that in a century between the 1580s and the 1680s no less than a million slaves were taken to the New World from Angola alone.
Chapter Two is about East Africa in the 16th-18th centuries, the arrival there of Europeans, and their relations with the Swahili Arabs and indigenous Africans. All through that time the Arab slave-trade was far in excess of the Europeans', the book points out. In the 15th-18th centuries, the Arabs kept up the flow of slaves to the East dispite the European presence. The European-American slave-trade picked up in the 19th century, already after nearly all European and American, nations had abolished the practice.
Chapter Three investigates the second period, when the “free” slave-trade was at its apex. The flourishing plantations and mines in the West Indies and both Americas supplying Europe with their products required ever more slave labour: the Barbados colonists alone were pressing for no less than 25,000 sla ves a year to meet their needs. The study shows the way the slave-trade affected Europe, specifically the slave-trading cities like Liverpool, Bristol, Nantes, and others.
Chapter Four considers the systems of slave-trade in West Africa; it peruses a mine of documents like stories by slaveship crewmen, slavers, travellers, as well as parliamentary documents snowing the way the slave-trade was being kept up by sustained demand from Europe. We learn of how Africans were being enslaved through armed raids by Europeans on African villages, brazen hostage-taking, intertribe wars, special “slave-hunting” expeditions, kidnapping, selling people into slavery for crimes on charges often trumped up by the slavers. We further learn about the chief methods of slave purchases by European and American slave-traders. The chapter also describes the trade itself and the wares Africans demanded from the Europeans in exchange for the slaves.
Chapter Five looks at the Africans' resistance to the trade, with episodes from numerous uprisings on the slaveships and unabating freedom stirrings on the New World plantations. By contrast the author offers evidence to prove that up to now there were no evidence of uprisings in Africa itself against the practice.
Chapter Six explores moves to abolish the slave-trade, as well as the origins of racist attitudes towards Africans. Abolition campaigning peaked in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries in Europe and the newly founded US. The study cites the reasons for slave-trade abolishion specific to each particular slaver nation and tells about campaign leaders, among them A. Benezet, T. Clarkson, W. Wilberforce, Abbot Gregoir, and the others. It was also at that time, we learn, that racism came on the scene and subsequently evolved as a theory of Africans' “inferiority” to the Europeans, as slavers were casting about for an excuse for their practices.
Chapter Seven is on the closing period of the slave-trade, the Contraband traffic from Africa. It probes the reasons for it and the abolition campaign mounted in Britain, featuring «mixed» commissions, anti-slavery blockades of the African coastline, and suchlike. It next surveys the abolition drive in major European nations and the US and reaction to it by the Russian press as indicative of Russian liberal thinking on the issue.
Chapter Eight turns to the slave-trade in West and East Africa in the lQth century as contrasted with the free slave trade.
Chapter Nine regards the latter decades of the transatlantic slave traffic, as it gradually gave way to colonial expansion on the continent.
In summing up the author looks at the consequences of the slave-trade for the Africans and for the evolution of capitalism in Europe and America.
The bibliography has documents from the Liverpool archives, the British state archives, press reports from the slave-trade days, an array of memoirs, works by abolitionists, etc.
There are also illustrations, maps, and a geographical index. 