ГЛАВА 1

1. Black, Teilhard du Chardin, Young, Pei, Fossil Man in China, Peiping, 1933, pp. 5ff; 60.

2. Dating the Past, 3rd ed., 1953, pp. 274ff.

3. D. Black, Palaeontologia Sinica, vol. ii, 1927, pp. Iff.; Fossil Man in China, pp. 83 ff.; Koenigswald, Nature, vol. cxliv, 1939, pp. 926ff.; Weidemreich, op. cit., vol. cxliii, 1038, p. 715.

4. J. H. Hutton, J.R.A.I., vol. lviii, 1928, pp. 403 ff.; Hose and McDougall, The Pagan Tribes of Borneo, vol. i, 1912, pp. 114 f.; vol.

ii, pp. 20ff.; H.I. Marshall, The Karen People of Borneo, Ohio, 1922, p. 222.

5. Obermaier, Fossil Man in Spain, 1925, pp. 136f., 339; P. Wernert, Histoire Generate de Religion, vol. i, p. 56.

6. Oppenoorth, Early Man, ed. MacCurdy, Philadephia, 1937, pp. 349ff.

7. Breuil and Obermaier, L’Anthropologie, vol. xx, 1909, p. 523.

8. K. Gorjanovic-Kramberger, Mittheilungen der Anthropologischer Gesellschaft in Wien, vol. xxii, 1902, p. 189; vol. xxiv, 1904, pp. 187f.

9. R. R. Schmidt, Die diluviale Vorzeit Deutschlands, Stuttgart, 1912.

10. Treat and Couturier, L’Anthrop., vol. xxxviii, p. 235; Vernert, op. cit.,p. 65.

11. Kinyar, Antiquity, vol. xxvii, 1953, pp. 105f.

12. O. Menghin, Wienerpra.historische Zeitschrift, vol. xiii, 1926, pp. I4ff; Wemert, op. cit., p. 58.

13. Hauser, Archiv fu..r Anthropologie, vol. vii, 1909, p. 290.

14. Boule, Annales de pcileontologie, 1911—13; A. and J. Bouys-sonie and L. Bardon, L 'Anthrop., vol. xix, 1908, p. 513.

15. L'Anthrop., 1913, pp. 616ff.

16. Breuil, L’Anthrop., vol. xxxi, 1921, pp. 343 ff.

17. Verneau, Les Grottes de Grimaldi, vol. ii, Monaco, 1906, pp. 23, 260, 277ff.

18. Keith, The Antiquity of Man, vol. i, 1929, p. 99.

19. C. L. de Villeneuve, Les Grottes de Grimaldi, vol. i, p. 64; vol. ii, pi. ii; L'Anthrop., vol. xiii, 1902, p. 561.

20. Grimaldi, vol. ii, pp. 298ff.

21. Op. cit., pp. 33, 298, fig. 4, p. 12.

22. Sollas, J.R.A.I., vol. xliii, 1913, pp. 325ff.

23. Obermaier, Der Mensch Her Vorzeit, p. 298; Breuil, L ’Anthrop.,

1924, pp. 549ff

24. L. Testut, Bulletin de la societe d’anthrop. de Lyon, vol. viii, 1889; VAnthrop., vol. i, 1890, p. 716; Hardy, La station quarternaire de Raymonden, Paris, 1891, pp. 49ff.; Sollas, Ancient Hunters, 1915, pp. 485ff.

25. A. Arcelin, L’Anthrop., vol. i, 1890, pp. 307ff.

26. Textbook of European Archaeology, Cambridge, 1921, p. 502.

27. J. W. Jackson, Shells as Evidence of the Migrations of Early Culture, Manchester, 1917, pp. I38ff.

28. Comptes-Rendus de Г Acad, des Sciences, vol. lxxiv, 1872, pp. 1060f.

29. M. and St J.-Pequart, Arch. del'Inst, de la Pal. Hum. Memoires, 19, 1937.

30. Mendes Correa, Congres Internat. d’anthrop. et d’archeol. prehist or ique, Paris, 1931, p. 362; Obermaier, Fossil Man in Spain, 1925, p. 324.

31. P-R. de Azua, Bol. de la Sac. Espan~ola de hist. Nat.. December 1918; cf. Burkitt, Our Early Ancestors, Cambridge, 1926, p. 22.

32. Dupont, Memoires de I’Academie royale des Sciences, des Lettres, et des Beaicc-arts Belgiques. vol. xix, 1867, pp. Iff.

33. E. Piette, L'Anthrop, vol. vi, 1895, pp. 276ff.; Zaborowsky, Bull et Mem. Soc. Anthrop. de Paris, series v, vol. vii, 1906, p. 416.

34. Cf. Fra Nationalmuseums Arbejdsmark, 1945, p. 6.

35. Nordman, Finskt Museum, 4, 1929; A eta Arch., vol. ii, p. 2651; Curwen, Antiquity, vol. xii, 1938, pp. 146ff.

ГЛАВА II

36. Childe, Antiquity, vol. xxiii, 1949, pp. 129ff.

37. A.A., N.S. vol. xxxiii, 1930, p. 39.

38. Brunton, Mostagedda, 1937, pp 5f., 7f., 25ff.

39. Baumga..rtel, The Cultures of Prehistoric Egypt, Oxford, 1955, p. 20.

40. Brunton and Caton-Thompson, The Badarian Civilization, 1928, p. 18.

41. Op. cit, pp. 18Iff.; Brunton, Mostagedda, pp. 26ff.; Baumga.. rtel, op. cit., pp. 2Iff.

42. Mostagedda, pp. 7Iff.

43. Cf. Caton-Thompson and E.W. Gardner, The Desert Fayum, 1934, p. 90.

44. J. E. Quibell and F.W. Green, Hierakonpolis, vol. ii, 1902, pp. 20ff.; H. J. Kantor, J.N.E.S., vol. iii, 1944, pp. 11 Off.

45. Breasted, Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt, 1914, pp. lOOf.

46. Cf. Petrie, The Royal Tombs of the First Dynasty, 1900, pp. 8ff.; Abydos, vol. i, 1902; vol. ii, 1903.

47. Petrie, Pyramids and Temples at Gizeh, 1885; С. M. Firth and J. E. Quibell, The Step Pyramid, 1936.

48. Watelin, Kish, vol. iv, Paris, 1934, pp. I7ff.

49. Woolley, The Sumerians, Oxford, 1929, p. 36.

50. Seton Lloyd and Fuad Safar, J.N.E.S., vol. iv; October 1945, pp. 267f., figs. 17, 27, pl. iii, I, 2, 3; A. L. Perkins, The Comparative Archaeology of Early Mesopotamia, Chicago, 1949, p. 5.

51. Perkins, op. cit.; E. E. Herzfold, Archaeologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, vol. v, 1935, P. 29.

52. Tobler, The Excavations at Tepe Gawra, vol. ii, 1950, pp. 105, 124.

53. Cf. E. A. Speiser, The Excavations at Tepe Gawra, vol. i, Philadelphia, 1935. P. 177; Tobler, vol. ii, 1950, pp. 51ff.

54. Perkins, op. tit., pp. 22, 42.

55. Woolley, The Antiquaries Journal, vol. x, 1930, pi. xliv(a); Speiser, Smith. Report, 1939, p. 444.

56. Mallowan and C. Rose, Iraq, vol. ii, 1933, pp. 34ff.; Perkins, op. cit., pp. 74, 81.

57. New Light on the Most Ancient East, 1952, p. 115.

58. Lloyd and Safar, Sumer, vol. iv, no. II, 1948, pp. 117f.

59. Woolley, The Antiquaries Journal, vol. x, October 1930, pp. 327ff.; cf. Ur Excavations, vol. ii, 1934, pp. 35ff.

60. Excavations at Ur, 1954, pp. 16ff.; Ur of the Chaldees, 1950, pp. 29, 68.

61. Ur Excavations, vol. ii, 1934, pp. 33 fF; Ur of the Chaldees, pp. 35ff.; cf Parrot, Syria, vol. xviii, 1937, p. 60.

62. Woolley, Ur Excavations, vol. ii, pp. 33ff.

63. Op. cit., p. 51.

64. Cf Jacobsen, The Sumerian King List, Chicago, 1939, p. 58.

65. Memoires de la Mission Archeologique en Iran, vol. xxx, Paris,

1947, pp. I77ff.

66. D.E. McCown, The Comparative Stratigraphy of Early Iran, Chicago, 1942, pp. 43ff.

67. Memoires, vol. xxix, 1943, pp. 5ff.

68. R. de Mecquenem, Fondles prehistoriques en Asie occidentale, 1934, p. 190; L’Anthrop., vol. xlviii, 1938, pp. 67ff.

69. E. Pottier, Delegation en Perse, Memoires, vol. xiii, 1912, fig.

168. pi. xxx, 7.

70. De Mecquenem, Memoires, vol. xxv, 1934, figs. 60, 3. 12; 61, 1; 62, 1–2.

71. Piggott, Antiquity, vol. xvii, 1943, pp. 162ff.; Ancient India, no. i, 1946, pp. 8—26; no. iv, 1948, pp. 162ff.

72. Piggott, Prehistoric India, 1950, pp. 72ff.; Ancient India, no. i, 1946, pp. 8fF; no. 3, 1947, pp. 113ff.

73. Annual Survey of India, 1904—5, p. 105, pi. xxxiii, xxxiv.

74. H. Hargreaves, Excavations in Baluchistan, 1925; Memoirs Arch. Survey of India, no. 35, Calcutta, 1929, pp. I7fT.

75. Mockler, J.R.AS., vol. ix, 1877, pp. 121ff.

76. E.J.H. Mackay, Further Excavations at Mohenjo-daro, vol. i,

1938, pp. 116ff., 615, 648ff

77. Op. cit., p. 117.

78. Marshall, Mohenjo-daro and the Indus Civilization, vol. i, 1931, pp. 79ff.

79. Mackay, op. cit., pp. 94f.

80. Mackay, Chanhu-daro Excavations, New Haven. 1943, pp. I37ff.

81. Vats, Excavations at Harappa, vol. i, 1940, pp. 198ff.

82. Op. cit.,p. 16If.

83. The Cambridge History of India, The Indus Civilization, Cambridge, 1953, pp. 24f.

84. Cf. p. 53.

85. Wheeler, op. cit., pp. 48f.; Ancient India, no. 3, 1947, pp. 85ff.

ГЛАВА III

86. Vats, op. cit., vol. i, pp. 203ff.

87. R.E.M. Wheeler, Ancient India, no. 3, 1947. pp. 76ff.: Cambridge History of India, 1954, pp. 23. 33.

88. Cf. chap, ii, pp. 46f.

89. Dikaios, Syria, 1932. pp. 345ff.

90. Dikaios, Iraq, vol. vii. 1940, pp. 72ff.

91. Op. cit., p. 77ff.

92. Dikaios. Archaeologia vol. lxxxviii, 1938, pp. 4ff. 95ff.

93. S. Xanthoudides. The Vaulted Tombs of Mesara, 1924. pp. 4ff.

94. Petrie, Royal Tombs, vol. i, p. 18; vol. ii, p. 38.

95. Evans, The Palace of Minos, vol. i, 1921, pp. 125ff; vol. ii, p. 45.

96. R.B. Seager, Explorations in Mochlos, Boston, 1912, pp. I3ff.; The Cemetery of Pachyammos, Crete, Univ. of Penn. Anthrop. Pub. VII, no. 1, Philadelphia, 1916, pp. 9ff.

97. C.C. Edgar, B.S.A., vol. iii, 1896, pp. 35ff.

98. Cf Bent, J.H.S., vol. v, 1884, pp. 48ff.

99. C.C. Edgar, Excavations at Phylakopi, Society Hellenic Studies, no. 4, 1904, pp. 234ff.

100. T.E. Peet, The Stone and Bronze Ages in Italy and Sicily, Oxford, 1909, pp. 223ff.

101. F. von Duhn, Italische Grabenkunde, Heidelberg, 1924, pp. 7Iff.

102. Op. cit.. p. 76.

103. D. Mackenzie, British School of Rome, vol. v, no. 2, 1910, pp. 101ff.

104. Op. cit., pp. 89ff.

105. Pallottino, La Sardegna nuragica, 1950, pp. 29ff, 4If.

106. Hemp, The Antiquaries Journal, vol. xii, 1932, pp. 127ff.

107. Hemp, Archaeologia, vol. lxxvi, 1927, pp. 121ff.

108. The Antiquaries Journal, vol. xii, 1932, p. 134.

109. Malta: Origini della civilta mediterranea, Rome, 1934.

110. Prehistoric Malta, Oxford, 1930, p. 44.

111. Cf. Hawkes, The Prehistoric Foundations of Europe, pp. 153f.

112. J. B. Ward-Perkins, Antiquity, vol. xvi, 1942, pp. 30fF.

113. Zammit, The Neolithic Temples at Hajar Kin and Mnaidra, Valetta, 1927, pp. 9, 28.

114. Zammit, Prehistoric Malta, "The Tarxien Temples", Oxford,

1930, pp. 7ff

115. Zammit, Antiquity, 1930, p. 26.

116. Op. cit., p. 17.

117. Chap, vi, pp. 166f.

118. The Antiquaries Journal, vol. viii, 1928, p. 483.

119. L. Siret, Revue prehistorique. 1908, nos, 7, 8; L’Anthrop 1892, no. 4, pp. 391 ff.; Leisner, An/ueologia e Historia. vol. i. Lisbon, 1945, pp. 13ff.; Siret, Les premiers du metal duns le sud-est de l'Espagne, 1888.

120. Siret, Revue des questions scientifiques. Bruxelles, 1893, pp. 522 ff,

121. Leisner, Die Megalithgra.. ber der iberischen Halbinsel i. Der Suden, Berlin, 1943, pp. 59, 53, 73.

122. Op. cit., pp. I74ff; C. de Mergelina, Actus у Memorias SociedadEspan~ola de Antropologia Etnografa у Prehistoria, Madrid, 1921—2; Hemp, The Antiquaries Journal, vol. xiv, 1934, pp. 404ff.

123. Siret, Proceedings Congress Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences, 1932, pp. 250ff; Obermaier, El Dolmen de Matarrubilla Sevilla, Comision de Investigaciones paleontologicas у prehistoricas, Madrid, 1919, 21, no. 267.

124. Estacio de Veiga, Antiguidades monumentaes do Algarve, Lisbon, 1886—91, pp. 248ff.; no. 3, p. 137.

125. О Archaeologo Portuguus, vol. xii, Lisbon, 1907, pp. 210, 320; Cartailhac, Les Ages prehistoriques de I ’Espagne et du Portugal Paris, 1886, p. 119.

126. Cf. Hawkes, The Prehistoric Foundations of Europe, pp. 166f., 169ff.

127. Cf. Forde, A.A., vol. xxxii, 1930, p. 39.

128. Cf. pp. 74f.

129. Cf. Forde, op. cit., pp. 70ff; Le Rouzic, L 'Anthrop., vol. xliii,

1933, pp. 233ff.

130. Forde, P.P.S., 1940, pp. 170ff.; Piggott, Antiquity, 1937, pp. 44 Iff.; Fleure, Corridors of Time, vol. vi, Oxford, 1929, pp. 81 ff; Arch. Camb., 1924, pp. 249.

131. P.P.S., 1939, pp. 159ft'; The Antiquaries Journal, vol. xix,

1939, pp. 157ff.

132. Piggott, op. cit., pp. 447f.

133. Daniel, P.P.S., 1939, pp. 161ff.

134. Forde, op. cit., pp. 77f.

135. Le Rouzig, L'Anthrop, vol. xliii, pp. 25Iff.

136. Mem. Soc. academique d’Archeol. du Dep. de I'Oise, vol. iv, Beauvais, 1860, p. 465; Bulletin de la Socie te prehistorique framaise, vol. viii, Paris, 1911, p. 669; Forde, op. cit., pp. 63ff.

137. E.C. Curwen, Antiquity, vol. iv, 1930, pp. 32ff.; Piggott, The Neolithic Cultures of the British Isles, Cambridge, 1954, pp. 17ff.

138. G.E. Daniel, The Prehistoric Chamber Tombs of England and Wales, Cambridge, 1950, pp. 38ff.

139. Havvkes, The Prehistoric Foundations of Europe, pp. 175ff; Piggott, op. cit., pp. 50ff.

140. Hemp, Trans. Bristol and Gloucester Archaeol. Society, vol. Ii, 1929, pp. 261 ff.; Berry, op. cit., vol. lii, 1930, pp. 123, 295; Crawford, The Long Barrows of the Cotswolds, Gloucester, 1925, pp. 67ff; Daniel, op. cit., pp. 73ff.

141. Cf. chap. i, pp. 18ff.

142. J. Ward, Archaeologia Cambrensis, 1915, p. 79.

143. Proceedings of the Cotteswold Naturalists Field Club, vol. v, p. 340.

144. Hemp, Archaeologia, vol. 80, 1930, pp. 183ff.; vol. 76, 1926, pp. 126, 128.

145. Hemp, op. cit., vol. 85, 1935, p. 253.

146. Daniel, Prehistoric Chamber Tombs of England and Wales, p. 57; Antiquity, vol. xi, 1936, p. 190.

147. G. Coffey, New Grange and other Incised Tumuli of Ireland’ 1912; T. G. E. Powell, P.P.S., vol. iv, 1938, pp. 243ff

148. Macalister, The Archaeology of Ireland, 1928, p. 127.

149. Breuil and Macalister, Proc. Royal Irish Academy, vol. xxxvi, p. 1; Coffey, Trans. R.I.A., vol. xxx, 1891, pp. Iff.

150. The Antiquaries Journal, vol. xiv, 1934, p. 204.

151. Powell, P.P.S., vol. iv, 1938, pp. 239ff.; Piggott, Neolithic Cultures of the British Isles, pp. 193ff.

152. Co. Louth Archaeological Journal, vol. ix, 1939, pp. 1—18.

153. Breuil, PP.S.(A.) vol. vii, 1934, pp. 293ff.

154. Childe. Prehistoric Communities of the British Isles, 1940, p. 53.

155. Childe, The Prehistory of Scotland, 1935, pp. 4 Iff.

156. Cf. р. 87.

157. Childe, The Prehistory of Scotland, p. 34.

158. Cf. Crawford, Ordinance Survey Professional Papers, N.S., No. 8, p. 3; R. F. Jessup, The Archaeology of Kent, 1930, pp. 70tT; Daniel, op. cit., pp. 80f.

159. Piggott, PPS, N.S., vol. i, 1935, p. 122.

160. Coon, The Races of Europe, New York, 1939, p. 111.

161. Daniel and Powell, P.P.S., vol. xv, 1949, p. 178.

162. Chap. i, pp. 33f.

163. Childe, Antiquity, vol. xxiii, 1949, p. 134.

164. Коридорная гробница в Карлби близ Фалькопинга имеет камеру длиной 16,65 м и коридор длиной 12 м.

165. Cf. С. A. Nordman, Jaettestuer i Danmark nya fynd, Nordisker Fortisminder, vol. ii, 1918, p. 118; H. Shetslig and Falk, Scandinavian Archaeology, E.T. by E. V. Gordon, Oxford, 1937, pp. 56f.

166. Nordman, Megalithic Culture in Northern Europe // Suomen Muinais-muistohydistyksen Aikakauskirja, Helsinki, 1935, xxxix, 3, p. 28.

ГЛАВА IV

167. Childe, Dawn of Civilization, pp. 162f.

168. Greenwell, British Barrows, 1878, pp. 506f.

169. Op. cit., p. 19.

170. Hogg, PPS, vol. iv, 1938, pp. 335f.

171. S. Rudder, A New History of Gloucestershire, 1779, p. 306.

172. J. R. Mortimer, Forty Years’ Researches in British and Saxon Burial Mounds of East Yorkshire, 1905, pp. 298ff.; cf. p. 240.

173. Prehistoric Communities of the British Isles, 1940, p. 63.

174. Cf. chap. v, p. 123.

175. J. F. S. Stone, PPS, vol. xv, 1949, pp. I22ff.

176. M.E. Cunnington, Woodhenge, Devizes, 1929, p. 88; Piggott, Antiquity, vol. x, 1936, pp. 22If.

177. Piggott, Aspects of Archaeology, 1951, pp. 274 ff

178. Piggott, Antiquity, vol. iv, 1938, pp. 58ff.

179. Cf. R. С. С. Clay, Wilts. Archaeological Magazine, vol. xliv, 1928, p. 103; R. S. Newall; op. cit., vol. xlv, 1931, pp. 432ff.; Piggott, Neolithic Cultures in Britain, 1954, pp. 355ff.; L. V. Grinsell, Ancient Burial-Mounds of England, 1953, pp. 17ff.

180. Childe, The Danube in Prehistory, Oxford, 1929, p. 295.

181. Cf. Hawkes, The Prehistoric Foundations of Europe, pp. 343 f.

182. Vlllanovans and Early Etruscans, Oxford, 1924, pp. 5ft, 267f.

183. Pigorini, Bulletina di Paleontologia Italiana, vol. xxix, 1903, pp. 76, 169.

184. Childe, The Bronze Age, 1930, p. 202.

185. Childe, op. cit., p. 204; Randall-Maclver, op. cit., pp. 35fT.

186. Gozzadini, La necropole de Villanova decouverte et decrite, Bologna, 1870, p. 14.

187. Childe, Antiquity, vol. ii, 1928, pp. 37ff.

188. Childe, The Danube in Prehistory, p. 334.

189. Peake, The Bronze Age and the Celtic World, 1922, pp. 81ff.

190. Hawkes, P.P.S., vol. xiv, 1948. p. 199.

191. Woolley, Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology, vol. vi, Liverpool, 1914, pp. 95ff.; Antiquaries Journal, vol. xviii, 1938, p. 4,

192. Childe, P.P.S., vol. xiv, 1948, p. 183.

193. Cf. chap, v, pp. 122f.

194. Cf. chap, v, pp. 123 f.

195. Elliot Smith, The Migrations of Early Culture, Manchester, 1915, pp. 32ff.; Elliot Smith and W. R. Dawson, Egyptian Mummies, 1924, pp. 23f., 73.

196. Quibell, Report of Brit. Assoc., Dundee, 1912, p. 612.

197. Garstang, Burial Customs of Ancient Egypt, 1907, p. 30.

198. Petrie, Medum, 1892, pp. 17ff.

199. Petrie, Deshasheh, 1898, p. 15.

200. J.E.A., vol. i, 1914, pp. 252f.

201. Cf. Blackman, op. cit., vol. iii, 1916, pp. 253f.

202. N. G. Davies and A. H. Gardiner, The Tomb of Amenemhet, 1915, pp. 57f.

203. Gardiner, E.R.E., vol. viii, p. 23; Breasted, Religion ami Thought in Ancient Egypt, p. 54.

204. Cf. chap, ii, pp. 40f.

205. Sethe, Urkumlen, vol. i, p, 114; Palermo Stone, vol. i, no. 3, p. 4.

206. Budge, The Book of Opening the Month. 1909, 2 vols.

207. Lepsius, Denkma..ler, vol. ii, p. 4; Pyramid Texts, 1929, E.T, by Mercer, vol. iv, pp. 36ft

208. Budge, op. cit., vol. i, p. vii.

209. Blackman, J.E.A., vol. xxi, 1935, pp.6f.

210. The Tomb of Amenemhet, pp. 56ff.; Moret, Le Rituel du Culte divin journalier en Egypte. Paris, 1902, pp. 147ft; Wilson, J.N.E.S.. Chicago, 1944, vol. iii, pp. 20Iff.; Schiaparelli, II libra dei Funerali, Turin, 1882—90,3 vols.; Baly,/.E A., vol. xvi, 1930, pp. 176ft; Blackman and Fairman, op cit., vol. xxxii, 1946, pp. 75 ff. О параллельном обычае, связанном со статуей бога в Вавилоне, cf. Blackman, op. cit., vol. v, 1918, pp. H7rF.; vol. x, 1924, pp. 47ft; S. Smith, J.R A.S., 1925. pp. 37ft.

211. Cf. W. R. Dawson, J.E.A., vol. xiii, 1927, pp. 40ft.; Egyptian Mummies, 1924, pp. 45ft.; T. J. Pettigrew, History of Egyptian Mummies, 1834, pp. 44ft.

ГЛАВА V

212. Wilson, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 1944, pp. 20 Iff.; Davies, The Tomb of Rekh-mi-Re at Thebes, 1943, pp. 70ft.

213. Het Animisme in der Indischen Archipel, 1906, p. 372.

214. J.G.F. Riedel, De Sluik en Kroeshaarige rassen tussehen Sele-bes en Papua, 1886, pp. 410f., 460,466.

215. Routledge, The Mystery of Easter Island, 1919, pp. 231 f.

216. G. Brown, Melanesians and Polynesians, 1910, p. 396.

217. Codrington, The Melanesians, Oxford, 1891, p. 272.

218. Rivers, History of Melanesian Society, vol. ii, Cambridge, 1914, pp. 264fF., 530ft; Seligman, The Melanesians of British New Guinea, Cambridge, 1910, pp. 715ft; Codrington, op. cit., p. 288, n. 1.

219. Cf. chap, i, pp. I7ff.

220. Cf. chap, iii, p. 75.

221. Codrington, op. cit.. pp. 26Iff.

222. Riedel, op. cit., p. 483.

223. Seligman, op. cit., pp. 728f.

224. B. Spencer, Wanderings in Wild Australia, vol. ii, 1928, pp. 489ff.

225. H. Basedow, The Australian Aboriginal, 1925, p. 214.

226. J. Dawson, Australian Aborigines, Melbourne, 1881, p. 67.

227. W.E. Roth, Bull, of Records of the Australian Museum, vol. vi, 1907, p. 393; A. R Elkin, The Australian Aborigines, Sydney, 1938, p. 249.

228. Codrington, op. cit., p. 267.

229. Contrib. to N. Amer. Ethnol, vol. iv, 1881, pp. 218, 220f.

230. Reutter, De L ’embaumement avant et aprus J. Xt., Paris, 1912, p. 142.

231. Gann, 64th Bull. B.A.E., Washington, 1918, p. 127.

232. H. C. Mercer, Public. Univ. Penn. no. 6, 1897, pp. 93ff.; Bush-nell, 71st Bull. B.A.E., 1920, pp. 58f.

233.12th Report B.A.E., 1894, p. 379; J. W. Foster, Prehistoric Races, 1878, pp. 149ff.; Willcox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1874, pp. 165fT.

234. Le Plongeon, Queen Moo and the Egyptian Sphinx, 1896, p. 138.

235. Pepper, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Annual Report, 2, 1902, no. 44; Guernsey and Kidder, Papers of Peabody Mus., 1921, pp. 13ff.; 19f.; Z. Nuttall, The Book of the Life of the American Mexicans, Berkeley, 1903, pp. 54ff.; Due de Loubat, Codex Magliabecchiano, 3, Rome, 1904, p. 13.

236. 65th Bull. B.A.E., 1919, p. 83.

237. J. W. Fawkes, Smith. Misc. Collections, no. 63, 1914, pp. 50ff.; C. L. Webster, Archaeol. Bulletin, no. 3, pp. 70, 73.

238. Chap, iv, p. 104.

239. Lumholtz, Unknown Mexico, vol. i, 1903, pp. 7Iff.

240. Trans. & Coll. Amer. Antiq. Soc., vol. i, 1820, pp. 318ff., 359f., 362.

241. Contrib. to N. Amer. Ethnology, vol. i, 1887, pp. 90f.

242. Billings Expedition, 1802, p. 161.

243. Dali, Smithsonian Contributions, 1878, pp. 31, 84ft'.

244. R. Beverley, History of Virginia, 1772, p. 185.

245. Turner, Samoa, 1884, pp. 148ff; Nineteen Years in Samoa, 1861, p. 232.

246. Hare Hongi, Journal of the Polynesian Society, vol. xxv, 1916, pp. 169ff

247. Op. cit., p. 172.

248. W. Ellis, Polynesian Researches, vol. i, 1829, pp. 520fT.

249. G. de Mendieta, Historia eclesiastica Indiana, Mexico, 1870, p. 358.

250. Brasseur de Bourbourg, Histoire des nations civilisees du Mexique et de I'Amerique, vol. iv, Paris, 1859, 3, pp. 239fF., 407ff.

251. A.A., N.S. vol. 16, 1914, pp. 62ff.

252. 18th Report B.A.E, 1899, pp. 317ff.

253. Contrib. Mus. Amer. Ind.; Heye Foundation, vol. v, 1919, pp. 9f.; A.A., N.S. vol. 7, 1905, pp. 625f

254. Sophocles, Trachiniae, pp. 1191 f.; Hyginus, Fab., p. 36.

255. lamblicus, De Mysteriis, p. 12.

256. Monier-Williams, Brahmanism and Hinduism, 1887, pp. 283f.

257. Turner, Samoa, p. 335; Contrib. to N. Amer. Ethnol.,vol. iii, 1877, pp. 181f.

258. History of Melanesian Society, vol. ii, pp. 546, 549fF.

259. Hill Tout, British North America, 1907, pp. 178ff.

260. Evans-Pritchard, African Affairs, vol. xlviii, no. 190, January 1949, pp. 56ff.

261. Op. cit., p. 59.

262. Bushnell, 83rd Bull. B.A.E, 1927, p. 25.

263. Kruijt, Het Animisme in der Indischen Archipel, 1906, pp. 369ff., 380.

264. Op. cit., pp. 371, 381.

265. Skeat and Blagden, Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula, vol. ii, 1906, pp. 103, no, 114.

266. Op. cit., pp. 208flf.

267. I.H.N. Evans, Ethnology and Archaeology of the Malay Peninsula, Cambridge, 1927. pp. 18fF.

268. P. Schebesta, Among the Forest Dwarfs of Malaya. 1929, p. 255.

269. Cf. Perry, J.R.A.I., vol. xliv. 1914, pp. 281ff.; Folk-Lore, vol. xxvi, 1915, pp. I38ff.; Riedel, De sluik en Kroeshaarige rassen tussehen Selebes en Papua, 1886, pp. 334ff., 360.

270. Kruijt, op. cit., p. 373.

271. Seligman, The Melanesians of British New Guinea, Cambridge, 1910, p. 616.

272. Kruijt, op. cit., pp. 345f.

273. Op. cit., vol. ii, pp. 262f.

274. Codrington, The Melanesians, p. 258.

275. Rivers, op. cit., p. 267.

276. Wheeler, Archiv. fu..r Religionswissenschaft, vol. xvii, 1914, p. 64.

277. R. W. Williamson, The Mafulu Mountain People in British New Guinea, 1912, pp. 258ff., pis. 87, 88, 89.

278. B. Thomson, The Fijians, 1908, pp. 120ff.

279. Op. cit., p. 132; Fison, Tales of Old Fiji, 1904, p. 168; J.J. Williams, Fiji and the Fijians, vol. i, 1870, pp. 200ff.; Frazer, Belief in Immortality, vol. i, 1913, pp. 424f.

280. Frazer, op. cit, p. 399.

281. Keysser, Neuhauss, Deutsch New Guinea. vol. iii, Berlin, 1911, pp. 82f., 143.

282. Brinton, Myths of the New World, Philadelphia, 1896, p. 280.

283. J.A.I., vol. xxi, 1891, pp. 18f.; Bancroft, Native States of North America, vol. iii, New York, 1883, p. 520.

284. J. Franklin, Second Expedition, 1828, pp. 29Iff.

285. A. Henry, Travels and Adventures in Canada, Toronto, 1901, p. 144; 71st Report B.A.E., 1920, p. 30.

286. Copeway, Ojibway Nation, 1847, p. 32; Schoolcraft, Indian Tribes, Philadelphia, 1853, vol. i, p. 321.

287. Pinkerton, Voyages and Travels, vol. xiii, 1812, p. 41.

288. Sahagun, Hist. Gen. de las cos as de Nueva Espan~a. vol. i. Mexico, 1829, lib. ii, p. 164; Brasseur de Bourbourg, Histoire Nat Civ. vol. iii, p. 497.

289. Sahagun, op. cit. vols. n, vii, pp. 253ft.

290. H. Ling Roth, Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo, vol. i, 1896, pp. 204ff.

291. Hose and McDougall, The Pagan Tribes of Borneo, vol. ii, 1912, pp. 32ft'.

292. O. Rutter, The Pagans of North Borneo, 1929, p. 216.

293. Skeat and Blagden, Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula, vol. ii, 1906, pp. 99ff., 106ff.

294. Melanesians, p. 255.

295. Op, cit.p. 285.

296. Malinowski, Argonauts of the Western Pacific, p. 513.

ГЛАВА VI

297. Hocart, J.R.A.I., vol. Iii, 1922, p. 84.

298. Golden Bough, vol. iv, part i (Adonis), p. 5.

299.L’Antbrop., vol. xx, 1911, pp. 257ff.; vol. xxiii, 1912, pp. 129, 143; Revue prtbistorique, vol. v, 1910, p. 33; Capitan, Rev. de l'Ecole d’anthrop., vol. xxii, 1912, pp. 316ff.

300. L. Passemard, Les statuettes feminines dites Venus steatopyges, Nimes, 1938, pp. 121 f; Luquet, The Art and Religion of Fossil Man, Oxford, 1930, pp. 85, 110.

301. Capitan, Peintures et gravures murales des cavernes paleolithiques. Les Combarelles aux Eyzies, 1924, pi. vi.

302. The Gate of Horn, 1948, p. 57.

303. G. Clark, Savagery to Civilization, 1946, p. 56.

304. E. A. Golomshtok, L'Anthrop, vol. xliii, 1933, pp. 3341f.;

S.N. Zamiatnine, Paleolit. S.S.S.R., Moscow, 1935, pp. 26ff.

305. Burkitt, Eurasia Septentrionalis Antiqua, ix. Helsinki, 1934, p. 113.

306. J. W. Jackson" Shells as Evidence of the Migration of Early Culture, Manchester, 1917, pp. 135ff.

307. Cf. Didon, "L’Abri Blanchard, Perigueux, 1911", extract from Bull. de la Sac. Hist, et Archeol. du Perigord, pi. vi, no. 28; Mortillet, Mus ее Prehistorique, 2nd ed., no. 189.

308. Boule, Les Hommes Fossiles, Paris, 1923, p. 266.

309. L’Anthrop., vol. xxiii, 1912, p. 657; C.R.. Acad. Inscrip, et Belles-Lettres. 1912, pp. 532ff.

310. Breuil and Calve Aguilo. L’Anthrop., vol. xx, 1909, p. I.

311. Cf. chap, vii, pp. 172f.

312. Были найдены 4 фигурки мадленской культуры, все — во Франции.

313. Breuil, L’Antrop., vol. xxiii, 1912, p. 529.

314. Cf. Obermaier, Fossil Man in Spain, 1925, pp. 257ff.; L’Antprop., vol. xxxvi, 1926, pp. 5–6.

315. Cf. E. S. Hartland, Primitive Paternity, 1909—10; Malinowski, The Father in Primitive Psychology, 1927, pp. 28ff., 43flf.; Sexual Life of Savages in North' Western Melanesia, 1929, pp. 146ff.

316. Petrie, Prehistoric Egypt, 1920, pp. 8f.; Brunton and Caton-Thompson, The Badarian Civilization, 1928, p. 29.

317. М. E. I. Mallowan and J. Cruikshank Rose, Iraq, vol. ii, 1935, pp. 79ff.

318. The Archaeology of Palestine and the Bible, New York, 1932, p. 109.

319. Excavations at Tepe Gawra, Philadelphia, 1950, p. 163.

320. Op. cit., p. 165.

321. Seton Lloyd and Fuad Safar, J.N.E.S., vol. iv, 1945, p. 270.

322. Mallowan, Iraq, vol. iii, 1936, pp. I9f.

323. Woolley, The Development of Sumerian Art, 1935, pp. 37f., рдs. 6a-e, f, h; Antiq. Journal, vol. x, no 4, 1930, p. 338, pi. xcviii.

324. J.E.A., vol. ix, 1923, pp. 19If.

325. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in Uruk-Warka, vol. vii, Berlin, 1936, pi. 47; cf. vol. viii, p. 50.

326. Op. cit., vol. viii, p. 52, pi. 49e.

327. R. de Mecquenem, L’Anthrop., vol. xiv, 1935, pp. 93ff., pis. 1–2.

328. Op. cit., pis. 7 i.

329. Contenau, Syria, vol. viii, 1927, p. 198, figs. 2, 3; La Deesse nue babylonienne, Paris, 1914, p. 59, fig. 58; cf. p, 62, fig. 59; Delegation en Perse, Memoires, vol. i, p. 125, fig. 276; cf. p. 130, pis. vii, 14, viii, 19.

330. Pezard et Pottier, Les Antiquites de la Susiane, Paris, 1913, p. 129.

331. Op. cit., p. 149.

332. De Morgan Collection, no. 276.

333. Cf. Delegation en Perse, vol. i, p. 130, pis, vii, 10; Pezard, op. cit., p. 129; Contenau, fig. 60.

334. Explorations in 7brkestan, 1904; Pumpelly, vol. i, 1908, p. 171, pi. 46, figs. 13, 14.

335. Op. cit., pi. 46, fig. 11.

336. Op. cit., figs. 10a, 10b.

337. Op. cit., pis. 4, 55.

338. Piggott, Prehistoric India, 1950, p. 127; Stein, Memoirs Arch. Survey of India, no. 37, 1925, pp. 38, 42, 60, 75, pis. ix, P.W. 9, P. 262; xii, K. 14; xvi, D.N. d. 9, SJ. 68; Piggott, Ancient India, 1950, pp. 107f., 126ff.

339. Stein, op. cit., p. 60.

340. Op. cit., pi. ix, P.C. 17.

341. Cf. Brunton and Caton-Thompson, The Badarian Civilization, p. 29; Woolley, Antiq. Journal, vol. xi, p. 368; Zammit, Archaeologia, vol. lxx, p. 197.

342. Mackay, Further Excavations at Mohenjo-daro, vol. ii, 1937, pis. xci, 12; xcii, i, a; vol. i, pp. 257ff.; Marshall, Mohenjo-daro and the Indus Valley Civilization, vol. i, 1931, pp. 338tf.; Vats, Excavations at Harappa, vol. i, 1940, pp. 292ff; Piggott, Ancient India, no. 3, 1946, pp. 126ff.

343. Marshall, op. cit., vol. i, p. 339.

344. Mackay, op. cit., p. 259; The Indus Civilization, 1948, pp. 53f.

345. Marshall, op. cit., pi. xciv, ii; Mackay, op. cit., vol. ii, pi. Ixxii, 7; pi. lxxvi, 5; Vats, op. cit., pis. lxxvi, lxxvii.

346. Marshall, op. cit., pi. xciv, no. 11.

347. Ор. сit, pi. xii, по. 17.

348. Marshall, op. cit., vol. i, pp. 53fF.

349. Mackay, Further Excavations at Mohenjo-daro, vol. i, pp. 335ff.

350. Marshall, op. cit.. pis. xiii, 1,7; xiv, 2, 4.

351. Op. cit., pis. xiii, 1, 2, 8.

352. Op, cit., pis. cxxx, 21, 23.

353. Mackay, op. cit., pp. 407.

354. Vats, Excavations at Harappa, 1940, pp. 51, 53, 55ff.

355. Op. cit., p. 370.

356. Cf.p. 140.

357. P. 371.

358. Pumpelly, Exploration in Turkestan, vol. i, 1908, p. 47.

359. Cf. chap, ix, pp. 237f

360. Oikaios, Iraq, vol. vii, 1940, p. 78,

361. Cambridge Ancient History, vol. i, 1923, p. 91.

362. C. W. Blegen, American Journal of Archaeology, vol. xii, 1937, p. 569, pi. xx.

363. J. T. Bent, J.H.S. vol. v, 1884, pp. 49ff.

364. Cf. Evans, The Palace of Minos, vol. i, 1921, p. 49, figs. 12, 13.

365. Op. cit, p. 52.

366. Cf. Homer, Odyssey, pp. 125—7; Hesiod, Theogony, p. 969; Diodorus, vol. v, pp. 25ff.; J. E. Harrison, Themis, Cambridge, 1912, pp. 54 n. 7, 164; Prolegomena to Study of Greek Religion, 1903, p. 456.

367. Harrison, Prolegomena, fig. 86.

368. Solinus, vol. xi, p. 8; Nilsson, The Minoan-Mycenaean Religion, 1927, p. 439.

369. Evans, op. cit., pp. 500ff., figs. 359, 362, 377; Nilsson, op. cit., pp. 268ff.; В. E. Williams, Gournia, Philadelphia, 1908, pp. 47ff., pi. xi.

370. Evans, op. cit., vol. iv, p. 559, figs. 522a, b; B.S.A., vol. vii, 1900, p. 29, fig. 9.

371. B.S.A., op. cit., p. 101; vol. ix, fig. 38.

372. J.H.S, vol. xxii, p. 77, fig. 2.

373. Diodorus, I, iv, c. 79, 3.

374. Evans, op. cit., vol. iv, pp. 959ff.

375. Evans, op. cit., vol. i, pp. 438f.; Nilsson, op. cit., pp. 368ff; Paribeni, Mon. ant., vol. xix, pp. Iff.

376. Evans, B.S.A. vol. viii, pp. 101 ff.; op. cit., vol. i, p. 447.

377. Zammit and Singer, J.R.A.J., vol. liv, 1924, pp. 79ff.; pis. v, 6, 7, 9; vol. xix, pi. 10.

378. Zammit, Prehistoric Malta, Oxford, 1930, p. 80. pi. xxii.

379. J.R.A.I., op. cit., pi. xv, 49.

380. Op. cit., pi. xviii, 53.

381. Op. cit., pi. xviii, 54.

382. Op cit., pi. xi, 29.

383. Op. cit., pi. xx, 30.

384. M. A. Murray, Excavations in Malta, 1929, pp. 11, 29.

385. Zammit, The Hal-Saflieni Prehistoric Hypogeum, Malta, 1910, p. 40; J.R.A.I., op. cit., pi. ix, 22.

386. J.R.A.I., pi. x, 23.

387. Cf. chap, iii, pp. 70f.

388. Zammit, Prehistoric Malta, pp. 13, 15, 84, 96.

389. Siret, Revue prehistorique, 1908, pp. 10, 21.

390. Correia, Comision de investigaciones paleontologicas у prehistoricas, Madrid, 1921, pp. 27, 63ff., figs. 50, 56, 58.

391. Cf. chap, iii, pp. 76f.

392. Correia, op. cit., p. 75.

393. Junta superior para excavaciones archeologicas, Madrid, 1930, Merns., p. 112.

394. Z. le Rouzic, Carnac, Menhirs-Statues avec signes figuratifs et Amulettes ou I doles des Dolmens du Morbihan, Nantes, 1931, pp. 13ff.

395. Kendrick, The Archaeology of the Channel Islands, vol. i, 1928, p. 32.

396. Op. cit., pp. 2Iff.; Antiq. Journal, vol. v, 1925, pp. 429f.

397. Et Michon, Res. des mem. Sac. de Antiq. de France, Centenaire, 1904, p. 299.

398. Е. MacCulIoch, Proc. Soc. Antiq., vol. viii, 1881, p. 32.

399. A. de Mortillet, Bull. Soc. d’Anthrop., Paris, 1893, p. 664.

400. Association Framaise pour I'avancement des Sciences, Paris, 1890, p. 629.

401. Bull. Soc. prihistorique fraraaise, vol. viii, Paris, 1911, p. 669.

402. V. С. C. Collum, The Tresse Iron-Age Megalithic Monument, Oxford, 1935.

403. Piggott, The Neolithic Cultures of the British Isles, 1954, p. 42; Childe, Prehistoric Communities of the British Isles, 1949, 3rd ed., p. 40.

404. Piggott, op. cit., p. 88, figs. 14, I—4, 10.

405. Piggott, P.P.S., N.S. vol. ii, 1936, p. 87.

406. C. Fox, The Early Cultures of North-west Europe, Cambridge, 1950, pp. 59f.

407. Philippe, "Cinq Ann£es de Fouilles au Fort-Harrouard, 1921—5", Societe normande d’etudes prehistoriques, vol. xxv, bis Rouen, 1927.

ГЛАВА VII

408. Manuel d’archeologie prehistorique, Paris, 1908, p. 603.

409. Spencer and Gillen, Native Tribes of Central Australia, 1938, pp. I67ff.

410. Cf. chap, iv, p. 148.

411. Breuil, Quatre cents siucles d’art parietal, Montignac, 1954, pp. 166, 176ff.

412. Antiquity, vol. iii, no. 9, 1929, p. 17.

413. Science, Religion and Reality, 1926, p. 44.

414. Begouen, C. r. Ac. Inscrip., 1923, p. 14; Breuil, op. cit., pp. 236ff.

415. A. Lemozi, La Grotte-Temple du Pech-Merle, Paris, 1929; Breuil, op cit., pp. 266ff.

416. F. Windels, The Lascaux Cave Paintings, 1949, pp. 27ff.; A. H. Brodrick, Lascaux: A Commentary, 1948, pp. 8Iff.

417. Breuil, op. cit., pp. 131, 134f.

418. Windels, op. cit., p. 63; Levy, The Gate of Horn, 1948, p. 21.

419. Spencer and Gillen, op. cit., pp. 171ff.

420. Op. cit., pp. 614fF.

421. Spencer and Gillen, Northern Tribes of Central Australia, pp. 436fF.

422. La Caverne d’Altamira, Monaco, 1909, p. 139.

423. Cf. chap, ix, pp. 23If.

424. Cf. Marett, The Threshold of Religion, 1914, pp. 40fF.; J.E. Harrison, Ancient Art Ritual1913, p. 26.

425. Driston, L ’Egypte, Paris, 1938, p. 597.

426. Cf. chap, viii, pp. 21 Of.

427. Frazer, Golden Bough, part iv (Adonis II), p. 219.

428. Pyr. Texts, 466b, Sethe, Urgeschichte und alteste Religion der Aegypter, Leipzig, 1930, p. 99.

429. Frankfort, Kingship and the Gods, Chicago, 1947, pp. 150ff.; The Birth of Civilization in the Near East, 1951, p. 54.

430. Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt, 1914, pp. 8f.

431. Cf. Frankfort, Kingship and the Gods, pp. 123ff.

432. Blackmail, Studia Aegyptiaca, "Analecta Orientalia", vol. xvii, 1938, p. 2.

433. Wainwright, The Sky-Religion in Egypt, Cambridge, 1938, pp. Ilf.

434. Blackman, Luxor and its Temples, 1923, pp. I79ff.

435. A. Erman and A.M. Blackman, The Literature of the Ancient Egyptians, 1927, p. 137.

436.J.E.A., vol. ii, 1915, p. 125.

437. Brugsch, Zeitschriftfu.s aegypt. Sprache und Altertumskunde, vol. xix, 1881, pp. 71—111; Loret, Recueil de travaux relatifs a la Philologie et a I'archeol Egyptiennes et Assyriennes, vol. iii, 1882, pp. 43 ff.; vol. iv, 1883, pp. 2Iff.; vol. v, 1884, pp. 85ff.

438. Brugsch, Religion und Mythologie der alien Aegypter, Leipzig, 1885—8, p. 621.

439. Gardiner, op. cit., p. 123; Brugsch, Zeitschrift, pp. 84, 94; Ret und Myth., p. 618.

440. S. N. Kramer, Sumerian Mythology, Philadelphia, 1944, pp. 83 ff.

441. Langdon, The Babylonian Epic of Creation, Oxford, 1923, p. 37, line 14.

442. Falk-lore, 1939, p. 140.

443. Cf. T. Jacobsen, The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man, Chicago, 1946, pp. 126ff.; Frankfort, Ancient Egyptian Religion, Chicago, 1948, pp. 54ff.

444. Ezek. viii. 14.

445. Pallis, The Babylonian Akitu Festival, Copenhagen, 1926, pp. 193 ff, 252ff; Langdon, The Babylonian Epic of Creation, Oxford, 1923, pp. 34ff.

446. S. Smith, J.R.A.S., 1928, pp. 849ff.; Pallis, op. cit., p. 109; Tallquist, Sumerisch-akkadische Namen der Totenwelt, Helsingfors, 1934, pp. I69ff.

447. A. J. Wensinck, Acta Orientalia, vol. i, pp. 169ff.

448. Jacobsen, The Sumerian King List, Chicago, 1939; Assyr. Studies, no. 11, p. 58.

449. Admon., 12, 1; Cairo, 34501.

450. E. Chiera, Sumerian Ritual Texts, vol. xxxi, Upland Pa., 1924, 24, i, 22—5.

451. Frazer, Golden Bough, part iv, pp. 9ff.; B. Z. and C.G. Seligman, The Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan, 1932, pp. 90ff.; Egypt and Negro Africa. 1934. 28fF. Meek, The Northern Tribes of Nigeria, vol. i, 1925, pp. 255ff.; vol. ii, pp. 58ff.; Evans-Pritchard, The Divine Kingship of the Shilluk of the Nilotic Sudan, Cambridge, 1948, pp. 18f., 21, 36f.

452. Morel, Du caracture religieux de la royaute Pharaonique, Paris, 1902, pp. 256ff.; Breasted, Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt, p. 39; Murray, Ancient Egypt, vol. ii, 1926, pp. 33ff.; Seligman, Egypt and Negro Africa, p. 2; Frankfort, Kingship and the Gods, 1948, pp. 79fT.

453. J.E.A., vol. ii, 1915. p. 134.

454. J.E.A., vol. xxviii, 1942, p. 71; Kingship and the Gods, p. 79.

455. Sethe, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte und Altertumskunde aegyptens, vol. iii, 1905, pp. 134ff.

456. Т. Н. Gaster, Thespis, New York, 1950, pp. 578f.; R. de Langhe, Les textes de Ras Shamra-Ugarit, Paris, 1945.

457. Cf. С. H, Gordon, Ugaritic Literature, Rome, 1949, pp. 3ff.

458. Baal- 'Anat Cycle, p. 67; vol. ii, pp. 5–6.

459. Palace of Minos, vol. ii, p. 842; vol. iii, p. 142; cf. Nilsson, Minoan-Mycenaean Religion, pp. 296f.

460. A. W. Persson, The Religion of Greece in Prehistoric Times, California, 1942, p. 34.

461. Evans, op. cit., vol. i, pp. 161 f.

462. Op. cit., vol. ii, pp. 838ff.

463. Nilsson, op. cit., p. 230, pi. i, 4.

464. Cf. Evans, Archaeologia, vol. xv, 1914, pp. 10f., fig. 16; Persson, op. cit., p. 49.

465. Evans, op. cit., vol. i, p. 432, fig. 310a; vol. iii, pp. 220, 225, figs. 154, 158.

466. Cf. Persson, op. cit., pp. 9Iff.; Malten, Archa..ologisches Jahrbuch, 1928, pp. 90ff.

467. Cf. Deedes, The Labyrinth, 1935, pp. 27ff.

468. Chap. viii, pp. 22Iff.

469. The Golden Bough, part 11, p. 140.

470. Nilsson, Greek Popular Religion, New York, 1940, pp. 5Iff.

471. Refutatio omnium haeresium, vol. v, p. 8; cf. Famell, Cult of the Greek States, vol. iii, pp. 177, 183.

472. Artemidorus, vol. i, p. 8.

473. Proclus ad Plato, Timaeus, p. 293 (Lobeck).

474. Famell, op. cit., vol. iii, p. 184.

475. Euripides, Bacchae, pp. 20ff.; Famell, op. cit., vol. v, pp. 86ff.; Rhode, Psyche, 1925, pp. 250ff.

476. Эти примеры приводятся автором по записям, сделанным во время путешествия в музей в Элевсине.

477. Famell, op. cit., vol. iii, pi. xxib, p. 256.

478. Minoan-Mycenaean Religion, p. 490.

479. Op. cit., pp. 153f.. figs, 28, 29.

480. Op. cit., p. 155.

481. Tacitus, Germania, 40.

482. Lucretius, vol. ii, pp. 600—43.

483. Cf. Crawford, Antiquity, 1954, pp. 25ff; R. J. C. Atkinson, P.P.S., vol. xviii, part 11, 1952, p. 236; Stonehenge, 1956, pp. 33f., 84f., 163f.

484. Stonehenge, p. 165.

485. Hawkes, PP.S., 1948, pp. 196fF.; Navarro, The Early Cultures of North-west Europe, Cambridge, 1950, pp. 77ff.; Atkinson, op. cit., pp. 162ff.

ГЛАВА VIII

486. Cf. Childe, Prehistoric Communities of the British Isles, p. 122, n. 14.

487. Piggott, P.P.S., 1938, pp. 58ff.

488. Primitive Culture, 4th ed., vol. i, 1903, pp. 426ff.

489. Op. cit., vol. ii, pp. 113f., 247fT., 31 If.

490. Principles of Sociology, vol. i, 1885, p. 411.

491. Frazer, The Worship of Nature. 1926, pp. 9f.

492. The Making of Religion, 1898, pp. 160ff.; cf. Howitt, Native Tribes of South-east Australia, 1904, pp. 488ff.

493. Cf. Schmidt, Der Ursprung der Gottesidee, Munster, 1912— 54.

494. Spencer and Gillen, Native Tribes of Central Australia, 1938, p. 246, n. 1.

495. Nuer Religion, Oxford, 1956, pp. 2ff., 118, 124,200ff.

496. Op. cit, p. 316.

497. Bulletin Societe prehistorique framaise, vol. iv, 1907, p. 215.

498. A. B. Cook, L’Anthrop., vol. xiv, 1903, pp. 34fF.

499. Cf. A. C. Haddon, The Study of Man, 1898, pp. 277fF.; Marett, The Threshold of Religion, 1914, pp. I7f., 145f; Howitt, op. cit., pp. 578f.; Spencer and Gillen, Native Tribes of Central Australia, pp. 246n., 634.

500. Cf. Wainwright, The Sky Religion in Egypt, Cambridge, 1938.

501. Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt, 1914, p. 9.

502. Pyr Texts, p. 1105.

503. Budge, Tutankhamon, Amenism, Atonism and Egyptian Monotheism, 1923, p. 79.

504. Frankfort. Kingship and the Gods, 1948, p. 38.

505. Cf. Davies, J.E.A., vol. ix, 1923, pp. 133ff.; Journal of the Society of Oriental Research, vol. x, Chicago, 1926, pp. 25ff.

506. Langdon, Babyloniaca, vol. xii, Paris, 1931, p. 11, lines 11–12.

507. Gadd, The Idea of Divine Rule in the Ancient East, Oxford, 1948, p. 34.

508. Cf. F. Notscher, Ellil in Sumer und Akkad, pp. 56, 66.

509. Cf. Frankfort, op. cit., p. 228; F. Thureau-Dangin, Sumerische und Akkadische Ko.. nigschriften, Leipzig, 1907, pp. 156f.

510. Heidel, The Babylonian Genesis, Chicago, 1950, pp. 20ff; vol. ii, pp. 60ff.

511 .Op. cit., p. 47; vol. ii, pp. 31ff.

512. Heidel, The Gilgamesh Epic, Chicago, 1951, p. 229.

513. Cf. Cook, Zeus, vol. i, pp. 577Ш, 635; Garstang, The Hittite Empire, 1929, pp. 204f.

514. S. Mercer, The Tell El Amarna Tablets, vol. ii, Toronto, 1939, pp. 483 (13f.).

515. Konow, The AryanGods of the Mitanni People, Kristiana, 1921, pp. If.

516. Rig-veda, vi, 27, 8; x, 33,2; Atharvaveda, v, 22,5, 7,9.

517. Санскритская форма авестийского слова "Ахура", которым Заратустра стал обозначать Премудрого владыку, Ахура Мазду, — верховного бога в зороастрийском монотеизме, чья власть ограничивалась лишь духом зла Анхрамайнью (Друдж).

518. Cf. Keith, Indian Culture, vol. iii, p. 421.

519. Satapatha Brahmana, v, 1, 1,2; iii, 2,2, 4.

520. Chandogya-Upanishad, vi, 8, 7f.; Brihadaranyaka, i, 4, 10; 1st Upanishad, Iff.

521. Yasna, 34,44,45,48.

522. Yasna, 30.

523. Five Stages of Greek Religion, Oxford, 1925, p. 65.

524. Nilsson, History of Greek Religion, Oxford, 1925, p. 31.

525. Cf. Rose, Handbook of Greek Mythology, 1933, pp. 49f.

526. Cf. Aeschylus, Danaids, Tragg Graec., Fr. ed., Nauck, p. 44; Euripides, Fr. 898, pp. 7ff.; Cook, Zeus, vol. iii, pp. 456ff.; Famell, Cult of the Greek States, vol. i, pp. 244ff.

527. Chap, vii, p. 197.

528. Rose, op. cit., pp. 102ff.

529. Frazer, The Golden Bough, part 11, p. 140.

530. The Aryans, 1926, p. 81.

531. Shetelig and Falk, Scandinavian Archaeology, Oxford, 1937, pp. 156f.

532. The Golden Bough, part x, pp. 160ff.

ГЛАВА IX

533. Chap, vii, p. 203.

534. Cf. Atkinson, Stonehenge, 1956, p. 172.

535. Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, 1913, p. 206.

536. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, A.A., 1935, pp. 394ff.; J.R.A.I., vol. lxxv, 1945. p. 33.

537. Op cit., pp. 47, 206.

538. Cf. chaps, v, vi.

539. Les fonctions dans les Societes Inferieures, Paris, 1915; La Mentaliteprimitive, Paris, 1921; L'Experience mystique et les symboles chez les primitifs, Paris, 1938.

540. Evans-Pritchard, Nuer Religion, Oxford, 1956, pp. 77, 82, I32f., I40f.

541. Chap. vii, p. 180.

542. Newberry, Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology, vol. v, Liverpool, 1913, p. 136.

543. Baumgartel, The Cultures of Prehistoric Egypt, Oxford, 1955, p. 31.

544. Homblower, J.E.A., vol. xv, 1929, p. 39.

545. Levy, The Gate of Horn, 1948, p. 116.

546. Op. cit., pp. 38, 43.

547. Winckler, Rock-Drawings of Southern Upper Egypt, 1938, p. 22.

548. Gadd, in Hall and Woolley, Ur Excavations, vol. i; Al 'Ubaid, Oxford, 1927, pp. 142f.

549. Op. cit, p. 143.

550. Cf. chap, vi, p. 159.

551. Chap, vi, p. 158.

552. Capitan, Les Combarelles aux Eyzies, 1924, pi. vi; Picard, Revue de Philologie, 1933, pp. 344ff.

553. Cf. Malton, Archa..ologisches Jahrbuch, 1928, pp. 90fT.

554. Capitan and Peyrony, Revue anthropologique, vol. xxxi, 1921, pp. 92ff.

555. Chap, vii, p. 178.

556. L’Anthrop. vol, xxiv, 1913, pp. 627ff.

557. Cf. chap, vi, p. 146.

558. A. Makowski, Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 1892, p. 73; Obermaier, Der Mensch der Vorzeit, p. 298; Breuil, L’Antrop., 1924, pp. 549ff.

559. Buckland, Reliquiae Diluvianae, 1823, pp. 82ff.

560. Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt, p. 61.

561. Frankfort, Kingship and the Gods, p. 178.

562. Tablet XI.

563. Cf. Heidel, The Gilgamesh Epic and the Old Testament Parallels, Chicago, 1949, pp. 207 ff.

564. F. Thureau-Dangin, Hilprecht Anniversary Volume, Leipzig, 1909, p. 161.

565. Chap. ii, p. 43.

566. Chap. ii, p. 53.

567. Chap. ii, pp. 48f. Также, Woolley, Ur Excavations, The Royal Cemeteries, vol. ii, 1934, pp. 135ff.; Mackay, Report on the Excavations of the "А" Cemetery at Kish, vol. i, Chicago, 1925, pp. 13f.

568. Vats, Excavations at Harappa, vol. i, 1940, pp. 207ff.

569. Rig-veda, x, 18.

570. Rig-veda, x, i, 4, 16.

571. Evans, Palace of Minos, vol. ii. p. 279,

572. Chap. vi, p. 164.

573. Monumenti Antichi, vol. xix, pp. 5—86, pis. i — iii.

574. Palace of Minos, vol. i, pp. 439, 447.

575. Harrison, Themis, 1912, p. 178; Petersen, Arch. Jahrbuch, vol. xxiv, 1909, p. 162.

576. Minoan-Mycenaean Religion, pp. 378ff.

577. Evans, J.H.S., vol. xiv, 1925, pp. 68ff.

578. Mycenaean Tree and Pillar Cult, 1901, pp. 98fF.

579. Chap. iv, p. 108.

580. Cf. Crawford, The Long Barrows of the Cotswolds, 1925, p. 14.

581. P.P.S., N.S. i, vol. ii, 1935, p. 108.

582. C. A. Nordman, Tbe Megalithic Culture in Northern Europe, Helsinki, 193 5, p. 28; Crawford, op. cit., p. 13.

583. Op. c/7., p. 127.

584. Prehistoric Chamber Tombs of England and Wales, 1950, p. 110.

585. Nordman, op. cit, p. 29.

586. P.P.S., N.S. iv, 1938, p. 128.

587. Chap. v, p. 133.

588. Chap. viii, p. 224.

589. Yasht,x, 13.