ИСТОЧНИКИ

Неопубликованные

БАЛТИМОР

Maryland Historical Society. Furlong Baldwin Library

Bland Papers

Skinner, John S. Photostat Copies. Ms 1846

БОСТОН

Massachusetts Historical Society

Adams Family Papers

George Bancroft Papers

Edward Hickling Bradford Family Papers

John Brazer Davis Papers

Correspondence of Alexander H. Everett

Everett-Noble Papers

Everett-Peabody Papers

C. E. French Collection of Autographs

William Tudor letters, 1824—1828

Boston Athenaeum

Commodore Isaac Hull Papers

William Tudor Papers

Houghton Library, Harvard University

Documents and letters by C. A. Rodney and others Relating to Argentina, 1818-1824

Jared Sparks collection of American Manuscripts. Part II. Jared Sparks Papers

Tudor Papers

Tudor Papers, Additional

Baker Library, Harvard Business School

Tudor Family Papers

ВАШИНГТОН, ОКРУГ КОЛУМБИЯ

Library of Congress

Caleb Cushing Papers

James Monroe Papers

David Porter Papers

Joel R. Poinsett Papers

Jeremy Robinson Papers

William Th ornton Papers

National Archives

Department of State, RG 43, Records of United States Participation in International

Conferences, Commissions, and Expositions

Records Relating to the First Panama Conference, 1825—1827

Department of State, RG 59, M 37, Letters from Special Agents, roll 4 (Biddle, Irvine)

Domestic Letters of the Department of State, 1784—1906

Miscellaneous Letters of the Department of State

ВУСТЕР, ШТАТ МАССАЧУСЕТС

American Antiquarian Society

Joseph Lancaster Papers

НЬЮ-ЙОРК

New York Public Library

Samuel Hill Papers

James Monroe Papers

New-York Historical Society

DeWitt Clinton Papers

Lynch and Aymar records, 1813 – 1819

Diary of a trip from Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico, 1815, taken by Josiah Smith; [Idem]. Diary of a trip from the City of Mexico to Tampico, 1816 (рукописный конволют)

Butler Library, Columbia University

DeWitt Clinton Papers

ФИЛАДЕЛЬФИЯ

American Philosophical Society

Duane Family Papers, William J. Duane Papers

Historical Society of Pennsylvania

Chew Family Papers Joel Roberts Poinsett Papers

Joel Roberts Poinsett Papers, Henry Gilpin Collection John Sergeant Papers

William Shaler Papers (Collection of Arthur C. Bining) Robert Walsh, Jr. Papers

Library Company

Prints Collection

Опубликованные

ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗДАНИЯ

Газеты

National Intelligencer (Washington, D.C.), 1815 – 1831

Columbian (New York), 1818

Columbian Centinel (Boston), 1815–1829, 1831

National Gazette (Philadelphia), 1826

Niles’ Weekly Register (Baltimore), 1815–1829, 1831

Richmond Enquirer, 1815

U.S. Telegraph (Washington, D.C.), 1826, 1831

Журналы

American Quarterly Review (Philadelphia), 1827–1831

North American Review (Boston), 1815–1830

Portico (Baltimore), 1816 – 1818

Официальные материалы, дипломатическая переписка

Внешняя политика России XIX и начала XX века. Документы российского министерства иностранных дел. Серия II. 1815–1830. Т. I (IX) – т. VIII (XVI) / Отв. ред. А. Л. Нарочницкий. М., 1974–1995.

Русские дипломаты о войне за независимость в Латинской Америке // ННИ. 1966. № 1, 5.

Bosch Garcia С. Documentos de la relacion de Mexico con los Estados Unidos. 2 vols. Mexico, 1983. Vol. I. El mester politico de Poinsett (Noviembre de 1824 – diciembre de 1829).

Britain and the Independence of Latin America, 1812–1830 / Ed. by Charles K. Webster. 2 vols. Oxford, 1938.

A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789–1897 / Published by Authority of Congress by James D. Richardson, a Representative from the State of Tennessee. Vol. II. Wash., D.C., 1896.

Correspondence of the Russian Ministers in Washington, 1818–1825 // AHR. Vol. 18. № 2, 3 (Jan., Apr. 1913).

The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (Annals of Congress). 42 vols. Wash., D.C., 1834–1856 (материалы дебатов с 1824 г. изданы под названием – Register of Debates in Congress of the United States).

Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States Concerning the Independence of Latin-American Nations / Ed. by William R. Manning. 3 vols. N.Y., 1925.

English Historical Documents / Gen. ed. David C. Douglas. Vol. XI. 1783–1832 / Ed. by Arthur Aspinall, Ernest Anthony Smith. L., 1959.

Hanke L. Baptis Irvine’s Reports on Simon Bolivar // HAHR. Vol. 16. № 3 (Aug. 1936).

Moore J. B. A Digest of International Law… 8 vols. Wash., D.C., 1906. Vol. I, VI.

The New American State Papers: Naval Affairs. Vol. 3: Diplomatic Activities / Ed. by K. Jack Bauer. Wilmington (Del.), 1981.

Protocols of Conferences of Representatives of the Allied Powers respecting Spanish America, 1824–1825 // AHR. Vol. 22. № 3 (Apr. 1917).

Some Original Documents on the Genesis of the Monroe Doctrine / Publ. by Worthington Ch. Ford // MHS. Proceedings. 2nd series. Vol. XV. Boston, 1902.

The Suppressed Dispatch of H. U. Addington, Washington, November 3, 1823 / Ed. by Bradford Perkins // HAHR. Vol. 37. № 4 (Nov. 1957).

Urrutia F. J. Los Estados Unidos de America у las Naciones Hispanoamericanas de 1810 a 1830. Paginas de Historia Diplomatica. Madrid, 1918.

Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America / Ed. by Hunter Miller. 8 vols. Wash., D.C., 1931–1948. Vol. 2–3.

Бумаги и сочинения государственных деятелей, дипломатов, журналистов, ученых, современников событий

Боливар С. Избранные произведения: речи, статьи, письма, воззвания, 1812–1830 / Сост. и науч. ред. пер. А. Ф. Шульговский. М., 1983.

Ваттель Э., де. Право народов, или принципы естественного права, применяемые к поведению и делам наций и суверенов / Пер. с фр. В. Н. Дурденевского, Ф. А. Кублицкого, Э. М. Фабрикова. М., 1960 (ориг. изд. – L., 1758).

The Writings of John Quincy Adams / Ed. by Worthington Ch. Ford. 7 vols. N.Y., 1913–1917. Vol. V–VII.

Letters of John Quincy Adams to Alexander Hamilton [sic!] Everett, 1811–1837 // AHR. Vol. 11. № 1, 2 (Oct. 1905, Feb. 1906).

The Austin Papers / Ed. by Eugene Barker. 2 vols. Wash., D.C., 1924–1928.

Bayard Smith M. The First Forty Years of Washington Society in the Family Letters of Margaret Bayard Smith / Ed. by Gaillard Hunt. N.Y., 1906 (repr. – N.Y., 1965). Bolivar S. Cartas de Libertador / Ed. Vicente Lecuna. 10 tomos. Caracas, 1929.

Idem. Obras Completas / Comp, у notas de Vicente Lecuna. 3 tomos. La Habana, 1950. Papers of John C. Calhoun / Ed. by W. Edwin Hemphill, et al. 28 vols., Columbia (S.C.), 1959–2003. Vol. 1-11.

Chateaubriand F. R. CEuvres Completes. 36 vols. P., 1836–1839. Vol. 27–29.

Circular Letters of Congressmen to Their Constituents / Ed. by Noble E.

Cunningham, Jr. 3 vols. Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1978.

The Papers of Henry Clay / Ed. by James F. Hopkins, Mary W. M. Hargreaves. 11 vols. Lexington (Ky.), 1959–1992. Vol. 1–7.

Jose Correa da Serra: Ambassadeur du Royaume-Uni de Portugal et Bresil a Washington, 1816–1820 / Ed. par Leon Bourdon. P, 1975.

Letters of William Duane / Publ. by Worthington Ch. Ford // MHS. Proceedings.

2nd series. Vol. XX. 1906–1907. Boston, 1907.

Once anos en Buenos Aires, 1820–1831. Las cronicas diplomaticas de John Murray Forbes / Compiladas, traduicidas у anotadas por Felipe A. Espil. Buenos Aires, 1956. The Writings of Albert Gallatin / Ed. by Henry Adams. 3 vols. Philadelphia, 1879. Vol. II. Hanke L. Simon Bolivar and Neutral Rights // HAHR. Vol. 21. № 2 (May 1941). Alexander von Humboldt s Correspondence with Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin / Publ. by Helmut de Terra // American Philosophical Society Proceedings. Vol. 103. Philadelphia, 1959.

The Papers of Andrew Jackson / Ed. by Harold D. Moser, David R. Roth, et al. 7 vols. to date. Knoxville (Tn.), 1980–2007. Vol. Ill – VII.

Jefferson Family Letters – .

The Republic of Letters: The Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, 1776–1826 / Ed. by James Morton Smith. 3 vols. N.Y., 1995.

The Writings of Thomas Jefferson / Ed. by Albert Ellery Bergh. 20 vols. Wash., D.C., 1905.

The Life and Correspondence of Rufus King Comprising His Letters, Private and Official, His Public Documents and His Speeches / Ed. by his grandson Charles R. King. 6 vols. N.Y., 1900.

The Writings of James Madison / Ed. by Gaillard Hunt. 9 vols. N.Y., 1900–1910. Vol. VIII–IX.

Archivo del General Miranda / Dirig. у revisada por Vicente Davila. 24 tomos. Caracas, 1929–1950 (t. 16–24, La Habana).

The Writings of James Monroe / Ed. by Stanislaus Murray Hamilton. 7 vols. N.Y., 1898–1903. Vol. V–VII.

Letters of James Monroe / Publ. by Worthington Ch. Ford // MHS. Proceedings. Vol. XLII. 1908–1909. Boston, 1909.

Correspondence between General William Winder and President Monroe with Reference to Proposals made by the United Provinces of South America / Publ. by Mary M. Kenway // HAHR. Vol. 12. № 4 (Nov. 1932).

Lemoine Villicana E. Morelos, su vida revolucionaria a traves de sus escritos у de otros testimonios de la epoca. Mexico, 1965.

Correspondence of James K. Polk / Ed. by Herbert Weaver. 10 vols. Nashville (Tn.), 1969–2004. Vol. 1–2.

Journal of Jonathan Russell, 1818–1819 / Publ. by Worthington Chauncey Ford // MHS. Proceedings. Oct. 1917 – June 1918. Vol. LI. P. 369–498. Boston, 1918.

The Life and Writings of Jared Sparks: Comprising Selections from His Journals and Correspondence / Ed. by Herbert B. Adams. 2 vols. Boston, 1893. Vol. I.

Life, Letters, and Journals of George Ticknor. 2 vols. Boston, 1876. Vol. I.

The Papers of Daniel Webster / Charles M. Wiltse, Editor, Alan R. Berolzheimer, Ass. Editor. 15 vols. Hanover (N.H.), 1974–1989.

The Private Correspondence of Daniel Webster / Ed. by Fletcher Webster. 2 vols. Boston, 1857.

Свидетельства североамериканских путешественников, купцов, дипломатов о Латинской Америке

[Bache R.] Notes on Colombia, Taken in the Years 1822 – 3, with an Itinerary of the Route from Caracas to Bogota and an Appendix. Philadelphia, 1827.

Baker M. The Voyage of the U.S. Schooner “Nonsuch” up the Orinoco: Journal of the Perry Mission / [by J. Hambleton] // HAHR. Vol. 30. № 4 (Nov. 1950).

Brackenridge Η. M. Voyage to South America performed by order of the American Government in the Years 1817 and 1818, in the frigate Congress. 2 vols. Baltimore (Md.), 1819.

[Bradley H.] A voyage from the United States to South America, performed during the Years 1821, 1822, & 1823. Embracing a description of the city of Rio Janeiro, in Brazil; of every port of importance in Chili; of several in Lower Peru and of an eighteen months cruise in a Nantucket whaleship, The whole Interspersed with a variety of Original Anecdotes. Newburyport (Ma.), 1823.

Cleveland R. C. A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enterprises. Cambridge (Ma.), 1842.

[Coffin I. F.] Journal of a Residence in Chili. By a Young American, detained in that country, during the revolutionary scenes of 1817 – 18–19. Boston, 1823.

Duane W. A Visit to Colombia, in the Years 1822 & 1823, by Laguayra and Caracas, over the Cordillera to Bogota, and thence by the Magdalena to Carthagena. Philadelphia, 1826.

[Fracker G.] A Voyage to South America, with an Account of a Shipwreck in the River la Plata, in the Year 1817. By the Sole Surviver. Boston, 1826.

Johnston S. B. Letters Written During a Residence of Three Years in Chili, containing an account of the most remarkable events in the revolutionary struggles of that province. With an interesting account of the loss of a Chilean Ship, and Brig of War, by mutiny, and the consequent imprisonment and sufferings of several citizens of the United States, for six months, in the dungeons of Callao. Erie (Pa), 1816.

Langley H. D. Bolivar as Seen by an American Sailor // HAHR. Vol. 36. № 3 (Aug. 1956).

[Poinsett J. R.] Notes on Mexico: Made in the Autumn of 1822. Philadelphia, 1824.

Robinson W. D. Memoirs of the Mexican Revolution: including a Narrative of the Expedition of General Xavier Mina. With Some Observations on the Practicability of Opening a Commerce Between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, through the Mexican Isthmus in the Province of Oaxaca, and at the Lake of Nicaragua; and of the future importance of such commerce to the civilized world, and more especially to the United States. Philadelphia, 1820.

Sibley G. C. The Road to Santa Fe: The Journal and Diaries of George Champlin Sibley and Others Pertaining to the Surveying and Marking of a Road from the Missouri Frontier to the Settlements of New Mexico, 1825–1827 / Ed. by Kate L. Gregg. Albuquerque (N.M.), 1995 (1st ed. – 1952).

Tayloe E. T. Mexico, 1825–1828: the Journal and Correspondence of Edward Thornton Tayloe / Ed. by C. Harvey Gardiner. Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1959.

Свидетельства английских путешественников

Youthful America. Selections from Henry Unwin Addingtons Residence in the United States of America, 1822, 23, 24, 25 / Ed. by Bradford Perkins. Berkeley (Ca.), 1960.

Graham M. Journal of a Residence in Chile during the year 1822, and a voyage from Chile to Brazil in 1823 / Ed. by Jennifer Hayward. Charlottesville (Va.), 2003 (1st ed. – L., 1824).

Hall B. Extracts from a Journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. 2 vols. 3rd ed. Edinburgh, 1824.

Hall B. Travels to North America in the Years 1827 and 1828. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1829.

Hall F. Colombia: its present state, in respect of climate, soil, productions, population, government, commerce, revenue, manufactures, arts, literature, manners, education, and inducements to emigration. With itineraries, partly from Spanish surveys, partly from actual observation. Philadelphia, 1825.

Hardy R. W. H. Travels in the Interior of Mexico, in 1825, 1826, 1827, & 1828. L., 1829.

Hippisley G. A narrative of the expedition to the rivers Orinoco and Apure in South America: which sailed from England in November 1817, and joined the patriotic forces in Venezuela and Caraccas. L., 1819.

Narrative of a Voyage to the Spanish Main, in the ship “Two friends;” The occupation of Amelia Island, by McGregor, &c. – Sketches of the Province of East Florida; and Anecdotes Illustrative of the Habits and Manners of the Seminole Indians: with an Appendix, Containing a detail of the Seminole War, and the Execution of Arbuthnot and Ambrister. L., 1819.

Temple E. Travels in Various Parts of Peru, Including a Years Residence in Potosi. 2 vols. L., 1830.

Thomson f. Letters on the moral and religious state of South America; written during a residence of nearly seven years in Buenos Aires, Chile, Peru, and Colombia. L., 1827.

Памфлеты, политические трактаты, публицистика

An Appeal to the Government and Congress of the United States Against the Depredations committed by American Privateers on the Commerce of Nations at Peace with Us / By an American Citizen. N.Y., 1819.

Appeal to the Government and People of the United States, in behalf of the Independent South American Provinces. N.Y., 1818.

Bolivar у Europa en las cronicas, el pensamiento politico у la historiografia. Vol. I. Siglo XIX / Dir. por Alberto Filippi. Caracas, 1986.

[Brackenridge Η. M.] South America: A Letter on the present state of that country to James Monroe, President of the United States, by an American. Wash., D.C., 1817.

Causas para declarar la Guerra a los Estados-Unidos del norte у delitos del ministro Poinsett / por un Amante de su Patria. Mexico, 1829.

[Chew B.] A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World, and of those Characteristics of European Policy which most immediately affect its interests: intended to demonstrate the necessity of a Grand American Confederation and Alliance. Philadelphia, 1827.

Cobbett W. Our Anti-Neutral Conduct Reviewed. N.Y. (?), 1817.

Duane W. The Two Americas, Great Britain, and the Holy Alliance, Wash., D.C., 1824.

[Everett A. H.] America: or A general survey of the Political Situation of the several powers of the Western Continent, with conjectures of their future prospects By a citizen of the United States. Philadelphia, 1827.

Idem. Eighteen Hundred and Twenty: A Poem. Part First. L., 1821.

[Idem.] Europe: or a general survey of the present situation of the principal powers; with conjectures on their future prospects: By a Citizen of the United States. Boston, 1822.

Gibson Ch. The Black Legend: Anti-Spanish Attitudes in the Old World and the New. N.Y., 1971.

[Gongalves da Cruz A.] Reply to the Author of the Letter on South America and Mexico, by an American; addressed to Mr. James Munroe, President of the United States, Printed at Washington, in this present year, 1817. Philadelphia, 1817.

Harrison B. Remarks of General Harrison, Late Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States To the Republic of Colombia, on certain charges made against him by that government. To which is added, and unofficial letter, from General Harrison to General Bolivar, on the affairs of Colombia; with Notes, Explanatory of his Views of the Present State of that Country. Wash., D.C., 1830.

Irvine B. Commerce of Southern America; Its Importance to Us, with some Remarks on a Canal at Darien and Other Cognate Subjects. Chiefly Extracted from a Report by B. Irvine. Philadelphia, [1822].

[Idem.] Strictures on a Voyage to South America. Baltimore (Md.), 1820.

Idem. Traits of Colonial Jurisprudence; or, A Peep at the Trading Inquisition of Cura9ao. Baltimore (Md.), 1824.

Jordan J. Serious Actual Dangers of Foreigners and Foreign Commerce, in the Mexican States: Useful information to all travellers in that country, and especially to the merchants of the United States; and equally important to the cabinets of Washington and London, and to the congress of Tacubaya. Philadelphia, 1826.

La Independencia de la Costa Firme Justificada por Thomas Paine Trenta Anos Ha / Extracto de sus Obras traducido del Ingles al Espanol por Don Manuel Garcia de Sena. Philadelphia, 1811 (Caracas, 1949).

Memorial of sundry inhabitants of the state of Massachusetts on the subject of privateering. Jan. 26, 1821. Wash., D.C., 1821.

[Monteagudo B.] An Essay on the Necessity of a General Confederation among the Spanish American States, and A Plan for its Organization. A Posthumous Work of the Hon. Col. D. Bernardo Monteagudo / Transl. by Platt H. Crosby. Lima, 1825.

Murat A. Lettres sur les Etats-Unis; a un de ses amis d’Europe. P., 1830.

Onis L., de. Memoir Upon the Negotiations between Spain and the United States of America, which Led to the Treaty of 1819. With a Statistical Notice of that Country. Accompanied with an Appendix, Containing Important Documents for the Better Illustration of the Subject / Transl. from the Spanish, with Notes, by Tobias Watkins. Baltimore (Md.), 1821 (ориг. изд. – Madrid, 1820).

[Palacio Fajardo M.] Outline of Revolutions in Spanish America; or An Account of the Origin, Progress, and Actual State of the War Carried on between Spain and Spanish America; containing the Principal Facts which have Marked the Struggle. By a South-American. L., 1817 (N.Y., 1817; Hamburg, 1818, P., 1819).

Pazos [Kanki] V. The Exposition, Remonstrance and Protest of Don Vincente Pazos, Commissioner on Behalf of the Republican Agents established at Amelia Island, in Florida, under the Authority and in behalf of the Independent States of South America. Philadelphia, 1818.

Idem. Letters on the United Provinces of South America Addressed to the Hon. Henry Clay, Speaker of the House of Representatives of the U. States / Translated from the Spanish by Platt H. Crosby, Esq. N.Y., 1819.

Poinsett J. R. Exposicion de la conducta politica de los Estados-Unidos, para con las nuevas repdblicas de America. Mexico, 1827.

Pradt D.-G.-F., abbe de. Congres de Panama. P., 1825.

Idem. Des Colonies, et de la Revolution Actuelle de FAmerique. 2 vols. P., 1817.

Idem. Europe and America, in 1821; with an Examination of the Plan Laid Before the Cortes of Spain, for the Recognition of the Independence of South America / transl. by J. D. Williams. 2 vols. L., 1822. (ориг. изд. – P., 1822)

Idem. L’Europe et FAmerique en 1822 et 1823. 2 parties. P., 1824.

Robinson W. D. A Cursory View of Spanish America, particularly the neighbouring vice-royalties of Mexico and New Grenada, chiefly intended to elucidate the policy of an early connection between the United States and those countries. Georgetown, D.C., 1815.

Santangelo de Attelis O. Las cuatro primeras discusiones del Congreso de Panama / traducidas del autografo frances al espanol por L. de Zavala. Mexico, 1826.

Idem. Statement of Facts Relating to the Claim of Orazio de Attelis Santangelo, a Citizen of the United States, on the Government of Mexico, preceded by some explanatory remarks, and followed by a specified list of accompanying documents. Wash., D.C. 1841.

Schmidt-Phiseldek C. F. } von. Europe and America or the relative state of the civilized world at a future period / Transl. from the German by Joseph Owen. Copenhagen, 1820 (на нем. яз. – Copenhagen, 1820, 1832; на фр., дат. – Copenhagen, 1820; тж. – Amsterdam, 1820, Stockholm, 1821).

Stagg f. C. A. The Political Essays of William Shaler // William and Mary Quarterly. 3rd series. Vol. 59. № 2 (Apr. 2002). Web supplement (http://oieahc.wm.edu/wmq/ Apr02/Stagg.pdf).

Thornton W. Outlines of a Constitution for United North and South Columbia. Wash., D.C., 1815.

Torres M. An Exposition of the Commerce of Spanish America; with some observations upon its importance to the United States. Philadelphia, 1816.

[Tudor W.] Gebel Teir. Boston, 1829.

[Yard J.] Spanish America and the United States; or, Views of the Actual Commerce of the United States with the Spanish colonies: and of the effects of a war with Spain on that commerce. Also some observations on the probable intelligence of the emancipation of the Spanish colonies on the agriculture and commerce of Philadelphia. By a Merchant of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, 1818.

Учебники, исторические, биографические сочинения современников

Adams D. Geography; or, A Description of the World. 5th ed. Boston, 1820.

The Beauties of Modern History, commencing with the life and achievements of Alexander the First, Emperor of all the Russias; with the campaigns of Bonaparte; also, a correct History of South America, by Don Vincente Pazos. To which is added, the Admirable Works of Nature, and the Rights of Women Investigated. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, [ca. 1820].

Everett E. The Monroe Doctrine. N.Y., 1863 (первоначально в: Ledger. October 3, 1863).

Goodrich S. G. A System of Universal Geography… Boston, 1832.

Idem. Lights and Shadow of American History. Boston, 1844.

Lyman Eh., Jr. The Diplomacy of the United States. Being an Account of the Foreign Relations of the Country, from the first treaty with France, in 1778, to the present time. 2nd ed., with add. 2 vols. Boston, 1828.

Mackenzie E. An Historical, Topographical and Descriptive View of the United States of America, and of Lower and Upper Canada. With an Appendix, Containing a brief and comprehensive Sketch of the Present State of Mexico and South America, and also of the Native Tribes of the New World. Newcastle upon Tyne, [1818].

Morse J. The American Universal Geography… 1st ed. 3 vols. Boston, 1793 (7th ed. 2 vols. Charlestown (Ma.), 1819).

[Niles J. M.] View of South America and Mexico, Comprising Their History, the Political Condition, Geography, Agriculture, Commerce, &c. of the Republics of Mexico, Guatemala. Colombia, Peru, the United Provinces of South America and Chili; with a Complete History of the Revolution, In Each of these INDEPENDENT STATES. By a Citizen of the United States. 2 vols. in one. N.Y., 1826.

Pazos [Kanki] V. Compendio de la Historia de los Estados Unidos de America. N.Y., 1825 (Paris, 1825; La Paz, 1976).

Perkins S. Historical Sketches of the United States, from Peace of 1815 to 1830. N.Y., 1830.

Reid /., Eaton J. H. The Life of Andrew Jackson, Major General in the Service of the United States comprising a History of the War in the South, from the Commencement of the Creek Campaign to the Termination of Hostilities before New Orleans. Philadelphia, 1817 (Tuscaloosa (AL), 1974 / Ed. by Frank L. Owsley, Jr.).

Walsh R., Jr. Poinsett 11 The National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans. Vol. I. Philadelphia – N.Y. – L. / James B. Longacre (Phil.), James Herring (N.Y.), 1834.

Woodbridge W. Ch. A System of Universal Geography, on the principles of Comparison and Classification… Hartford (Ct.), 1824.

Worcester J. E. An Epitome of Modern Geography, with Maps; for the use of common schools. Boston, 1820.

Энциклопедии, справочники

Edinburgh Gazetteer or Geographical Dictionary. 6 vols. Edinburgh, 1822.

Encyclopaedia Americana. A Popular Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, History, Politics and Biography, brought down to the present time; including a copious collection of original articles in American Biography; on the basis of the seventh edition of the German Conversations-Lexicon / Ed. by Francis Lieber, assisted by E. Wigglesworth. 13 vols. Philadelphia, 1829–1833.

Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature; Enlarged and Improved. 4th ed. 20 vols. Edinburgh, 1810.

New American Cyclopaedia. 16 vols. N.Y., 1857–1866 (статья К. Маркса о Боливаре – пер. в: Маркс К., Энгельс Ф. Соч. 2-е изд. Т. 14).

Rees A. The Cyclopaedia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature… First American Edition, Revised, Corrected, Enlarged, and Adapted to this Country. 41 vols. Philadelphia, 1810–1824 (L., 1819).

Worcester J. E. A Geographical Dictionary, or Universal Gazetteer, Ancient and Modern. 2 vols. 2nd ed. Boston, 1823 (1st ed. – 1817).

Воспоминания, дневники

Adams Ch. F. Diary of Charles Francis Adams / Ed. by Aida DiPace Donald, David Donald. Vol. 1–4 (1820–1832). Cambridge (Ma.), 1964–1968.

Adams J. Q. Memoirs of John Quincy Adams: Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1795 to 1848 / Ed. by Ch. F. Adams. 12 vols. Philadelphia, 1874–1877. Vol. 3–7.

Anderson R. C., Jr. The Diary and Journal of Richard Clough Anderson, Jr., 1814–1826 / Ed. by Alfred Tischendorf, E. Taylor Parks. Durham (N.C.), 1964.

The Autobiography of Martin Van Buren / Ed. by John C. Fitzpatrick // Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1918. 2 vols. Vol. II. Wash., D.C., 1920.

Benton Eh. H. Thirty Years’ View; or, A History of the Working of the American Government for Thirty Years, From 1820 to 1850. 2 vols. N.Y, 1854.

Brackenridge Η. M. Recollections of Persons and Places in the West. 2nd ed., enlarged. Philadelphia, 1868 (1st ed. – Baltimore (Md.), 1834).

Ducoudray Holstein H. L. V. Memoirs of Gilbert Motier La Fayette. N.Y., 1824.

Idem. Memoirs of Simon Bolivar, President Liberator of the Republic of Colombia; and of his principal generals; comprising a secret history of the revolution, and the events which preceded it, from 1807 to the present time. 2 vols. L., 1830 (Boston, 1829, 1830).

Hill H. Recollections of an Octogenarian. Boston, 1884.

Idem. Reminiscences of Dr. George Edwards of Coquimbo, Chili, South America. Weymouth (Ma.), 1890.

Lancaster J. Epitome of some of the chief events and transactions in the Life of Joseph Lancaster, containing an account of the rise and progress of the Lancasterian system of education; and the authors future prospects of usefulness to mankind; Written by himself, and published to promote the education of his family. New Haven (Ct.), 1833.

Levasseur A. Lafayette en Amerique, en 1824 et 1825 ou Journal dun voyage aux Etats-Unis. 2 vols. P., 1829.

Miller W. Memoirs of General Miller, in the Service of the Republic of Peru. By John Miller. 2 vols. L., 1828.

Pazos Kanki V. Memorias Historico-Politicas. T. I. L., 1834 (2nd ed. – La Paz, 1939). Poore В. P. Perley’s Reminiscences of Sixty Years in the National Metropolis… 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1886. Vol. I.

Rush R. A Residence at the Court of London, comprising Incidents, Official and Personal, from 1819 to 1825. Second Series, 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1845.

Sargent N. Public Men and Events from the Commencement of Mr. Monroes Administration, in 1817, to the Close of Mr. Fillmore’s Administration, in 1853. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1875.

 

Историография

Общие труды по истории США, Латинской Америки, международным отношениям

Американская цивилизация как исторический феномен. Восприятие США в американской, западноевропейской и русской общественной мысли / Отв. ред. Η. Н. Болховитинов. М., 2001.

Бурстин Д. Американцы: национальный опыт. М., 1993.

Гонионский С. А. Колумбия. М., 1973.

Дебидур А. Дипломатическая история Европы. От Венского до Берлинского конгресса (1814–1878). М., 1947 (фр. изд. – Р., 1891). Т. I. Священный союз.

Ефимов А. В. Очерки истории США. От открытия Америки до окончания гражданской войны: 1492–1870 гг. 2-е перераб. и доп. изд. М., 1958.

Ефимов А. В. США. Пути развития капитализма. (Доимп. эпоха). М., 1969.

История XIX века / Под ред. Э. Лависса, А. Рамбо. Пер. с фр. под ред. Е. В. Тарле. 2-е испр. и доп. изд. М., 1938. Т. 3–4.

История внешней политики и дипломатии США, 1775–1877 / Отв. ред. Η. Н. Болховитинов. М., 1994.

История внешней политики России. Первая половина XIX века (от войны России с Наполеоном до Парижского мирного договора / Отв. ред. О. В. Орлик. М., 1995.

История Европы. Т. 5. От Французской революции конца XVIII века до первой мировой войны / Отв. ред. С. П. Пожарская. М., 2000.

История Перу с древнейших времен до конца XX века / Отв. ред. С. А. Созина, И. И. Янчук. М., 2000.

История США. Т. 1 / Отв. ред. Η. Н. Болховитинов. М., 1983.

Киняпина Н. С. Внешняя политика России первой половины XIX века. М., 1963. Культура Мексики / Отв. ред. В. А. Кузьмищев. М., 1980.

Леонов Н. С. Очерки новой и новейшей истории стран Центральной Америки. М., 1975.

Маныкин А. С. История двухпартийной системы в США (1789–1980). М., 1981. Орлик О. В. Россия в международных отношениях 1815–1829 гг. (От Венского конгресса до Адрианопольского мира). М., 1998.

Основы общей теории международных отношений / Под ред. А. С. Маныкина. М., 2009.

Очерки истории Аргентины / Под ред. В. И. Ермолаева, Η. М. Лаврова,

A. И. Штрахова. М., 1961.

Очерки истории Бразилии / Под ред. В. И. Ермолаева, Л. Ю. Слезкина, М. С. Альперовича. М., 1962.

Очерки истории Чили / Отв. ред. Η. М. Лавров. М., 1967.

Очерки новой и новейшей истории Мексики, 1810–1945 / Под ред. М. С. Альперовича, Η. М. Лаврова. М., 1960.

Принципы функционирования двухпартийной системы США: история и современные тенденции / Отв. ред. Е. Ф. Язьков. Ч. 1. М., 1989.

Согрин В. В. Политическая история США XVII–XX вв. М., 2001.

Старцев А. И. Русско-американские этюды. М., 1995.

Фонер Ф. История Кубы и ее отношений с США. 2 тт. Т. 1. 1492–1845 / Пер. B. Л. Кона. М., 1963.

The American Secretaries of State and their Diplomacy / Ed. by Samuel F. Bemis. 10 vols. N.Y., 1927–1929, 1958. Vol. 4.

Armitage D. The Declaration of Independence: A Global History. Cambridge (Ma.), 2007. Bailey T. A. A Diplomatic History of the American People. 10th ed. Englewood Cliffs (N.J.), 1980 (1st ed. – 1940).

Bailyn B. The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. Cambridge (Ma.), 1967, 1992 (рус. пер.: Бейлин Б. Идеологические истоки Американской революции / Пер. К. А. Осповата, Д. М. Хитровой. М., 2010).

Bemis S. F. A Diplomatic History of the United States. N.Y., 1942.

Idem. The Latin American Policy of the United States. N.Y., 1943.

The Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations / Ed. by Warren I. Cohen. 4 vols. Cambridge, 1993. Vol. 1. The Creation of a Republican Empire, 1776–1865 (by Bradford Perkins).

The Cambridge Modern History / Planned by Lord Acton, ed. by Adolfus W. Ward, George W. Prothero, Stanley Leathes. 11 vols. Cambridge, 1902–1909. Vol. VII. The United States. Vol. X. Restoration.

Carbia R. D. Historia de la Leyenda Negra Hispano-Americana. Buenos Aires, 1943. Clayton L. A. Peru and the United States: The Condor and the Eagle. Athens (Ga.), 1999.

Close Encounters of Empire: Writing the Cultural History of U.S. – Latin American Relations / Ed. by Gilbert M. Joseph, Catherine C. LeGrand, Ricardo D. Salvatore. Durham (N.C.), 1998.

Common Borders, Uncommon Paths: Race, Culture, and National Identity in U.S. – Mexican Relations / Ed. by Jaime E. Rodriguez O., Kathryn Vincent. Wilmington (Del.), 1997.

Cultures of United States Imperialism / Ed. by Amy Kaplan, Donald E. Pease. Durham (N.C.), 1993.

Curti M. The Growth of American Thought. N.Y., 1943.

De Conde A. A History of American Foreign Policy. 3rd ed. 2 vols. N.Y., 1978. Economics and World Power: An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789 / Ed. by William H. Becker, Samuel Wells, Jr. N.Y., 1984.

Elliott J. H. Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America, 1492–1830. New Haven (Ct.), 2006.

Evans H. C., Jr. Chile and Its Relations with the United States. Durham (N.C.), 1927. Ewell J. Venezuela and the United States: From Monroe s Hemisphere to Petroleum’s Empire. Athens (Ga.), 1996.

Frankel B. A. Venezuela у los Estados Unidos (1810–1888). Caracas, 1977.

Gilbert F. To the Farewell Address: Ideas of Early American Foreign Policy. Princeton (N.J.), 1961, 1970.

Goebel J. L., Jr. The Recognition Policy of the United States. N.Y., 1915.

Guerra у Sdnchez R. La expansion territorial de los Estados Unidos a expensas de Espana у de los paises hispanoamericanos. La Habana, 1964.

Heald M., Kaplan L. S. Culture and Diplomacy: the American Experience. Westport (Ct.), 1977.

Hendrickson D. C. Union, Nation, or Empire: The American Debate on International Relations, 1789–1941. Lawrence (Ks.), 2009.

Herring G. C. From Colony to Superpower: US Foreign Relations Since 1776 (Oxford History of the United States). N.Y., 2008.

Hill L. F. Diplomatic Relations between the United States and Brazil. Durham (N.C.), 1932.

History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–1968 / Ed. by Arthur M. Schle-singer, Jr., Fred L. Israel. 4 vols. N.Y., 1971. Vol. I.

History of U.S. Political Parties / Ed. by Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. 4 vols. N.Y., 1973. Vol. I. From Factions to Parties.

Hunt Μ. H. Ideology and U. S. Foreign Policy. New Haven (Ct.), 1987, 2009 (pyc. изд. – M., 1988).

Jeffersonian Legacies / Ed. by Peter Onuf. Charlottesville (Va.), 1993 (4th ed. – 1999).

Kenworthy E. America/Americas: Myth in the Making of U.S. Policy Toward Latin America. University Park (Pa.), 1995.

Keyssar A. The Right to Vote: the Contested History of Democracy in the United States. N.Y., 2000.

La Feber W. The American Age: United States Foreign Policy at Home at Abroad since 1750. N.Y., 1989.

Langley L. D. The Americas in the Modern Age. New Haven (Ct.), 2003.

Idem. America and the Americas: The United States in the Western Hemisphere. Athens (Ga.), 1989.

Latand J. H. The United States and Latin America. Garden City, (N.J.), 1920 (enl. ed.; 1st ed. – Baltimore (Md.), 1900).

Lippmann W. U.S. Foreign Policy: Shield of the Republic. Boston (Ma.), 1943.

Logan J. A. No Transfer: An American Security Principle. New Haven (Ct.), 1961.

Long D. F. Gold Braid and Foreign Relations: Diplomatic Activities of U. S. Naval Officers, 1798–1883. Annapolis (Md.), 1988.

Madariaga S., de. The Decline of the Spanish American Empire. L., 1947.

Meinig D. W. The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 years of History. Vol. 2. Continental America, 1800–1867. New Haven (Ct.), 1993.

The New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. IX. War and Peace in an Age of Upheaval, 1793–1830 / Ed. by C. W. Crawley. Cambridge, 1965.

North D. C. The Economic Growth of the United States, 1790–1860. Englewood Cliffs (N.J.), 1961.

Novick P. That Noble Dream: The “Objectivity Question” and the American Historical Profession. Cambridge, 1988.

Parks E. T. Colombia and the United States, 1765–1934. Durham (N.C.), 1935.

Perkins D. The United States and Latin America. Baton Rouge (La.), 1961.

Idem. The Yield of the Years. Boston, 1969.

Peterson H. F. Argentina and the United States, 1810–1960. Albany (N.Y.), 1964.

Petrie D. A. The Prize Game: Lawful Looting on the High Seas in the Days of Fighting Sail. Annapolis (Md.), 1999.

Pike F. The United States and Latin America: Myths and Stereotypes of Civilization and Nature. Austin (Tex.), 1992.

Plummer B. G. Haiti and the United States: the Psychological Moment. Athens (Ga.), 1992.

Pocock J. G. A. The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition. Princeton (N.J.), 1975.

Ported Vild H. Historia de Cuba en sus relaciones con los Estados Unidos у Espana. 4 tomos. La Habana, 1938–1941. T. I (1512–1853).

Powell Ph. W. Tree of Hate: Propaganda and Prejudices Affecting United States Relationships with the Hispanic World. N.Y., 1971.

Randall S. J. Colombia and the United States: Hegemony and Interdependence. Athens (Ga.), 1992.

Renouvin P., Duroselle J.-B. Introduction a l’histoire des relations internationales. P„1964.

Renouvin P. Le ΧΙΧ-е siecle: 1. De 1815 a 1871: L’Europe des nationalites et l’eveil de nouveaux mondes. R, 1954 (serie “L’Histoire des Relations Internationales” / sous la dir. de Pierre Renouvin. T. 5).

Rippy J. F. South America and Hemisphere Defense. Baton Rouge (La.), 1941. Robertson W. S. Hispanic-American Relations with the United States. N.Y., 1923. Idem. History of the Latin-American Nations. N.Y., 1932 (N.Y., 1922, 1925).

Idem. The United States and Mexico. N.Y., 1926.

Romani R. National Character and Public Spirit in Britain and France, 1750–1914. Cambridge, 2002.

Safer W. F. Chile and the United States: Empires in Conflict. Athens (Ga.), 1990. Schmitt К. M. Mexico and the United States, 1821–1973: Conflict and Coexistence. N.Y., 1974.

Schoultz L. Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy toward Latin America. Cambridge (Ma.), 1998.

Sheinin D. Μ. K. Argentina and the United States: An Alliance Contained. Athens (Ga.), 2006.

Traditions and Values: American Diplomacy, 1790–1865 / Ed. by Norman A. Graebner. Lanham (Md.), 1985.

Wood G. The Creation of the American Republic, 1776–1787. Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1969.

Zorrilla L. G. Historia de las relaciones entre Mexico у los Estados Unidos de America, 1800–1958. 2 vols. Mexico, 1965–1966.

Монографии по рассматриваемому периоду

Альперович M. С. Война за независимость Мексики (1810–1824). М., 1964.

Он же. Испанская Америка в борьбе за независимость. М., 1971.

Он же. Рождение мексиканского государства. М., 1979.

Он же. Франсиско де Миранда в России. М., 1986.

Болховитинов Η. Н. Доктрина Монро (происхождение и характер). М., 1959.

Он же. Русско-американские отношения. 1815–1832. М., 1975.

Война за независимость в Латинской Америке (1810–1826) / Отв. ред. Η. М. Лавров. М., 1966.

Додолев М. А. Венский конгресс в историографии XIX и XX веков. М., 2000.

Он же. Россия и Испания, 1808–1823: война и революция в Испании и русско-испанские отношения. М., 1984.

Ильина Н. Г. Колумбия: от колонии к независимости. 1781–1819 гг. М., 1976. Комиссаров Б. Н. Петербург – Рио-де-Жанейро: Становление отношений, 1808–1828. Л., 1987.

Ларин Е. А. Куба конца XVIII – первой трети XIX века. М., 1989.

Медина М. Соединенные Штаты и Латинская Америка. XIX век (история экспансии США). М., 1974 (ориг. изд. – La Habana, 1968).

Перу: 150 лет независимости. М., 1971.

Подвиг Симона Боливара / Отв. ред. Ю. А. Зубрицкий. М., 1982.

Потокова Н. В. Аннексия Техаса Соединенными Штатами Америки, 1821–1845. Ростов н/Д, 1986.

Симон Боливар: История и современность / Под ред. А. Ф. Шульговского, Я. Г. Шемякина. М., 1985.

Слезкин Л. Ю. Россия и война за независимость в Латинской Америке. М., 1964. Согрин В. В. Идеологические течения в американской революции XVIII века. М., 1980.

Соловьева Т. С. Религиозная политика либеральных тори в Англии (20-ые гг. XIX века). М., 2000.

Трояновская М. О. США: у истоков двухпартийной системы. М., 1989.

Штрахов А. И. Война за независимость Аргентины. М., 1976.

Щелчков А. А. Война за независимость Чили. М., 2010.

Adelman }. Sovereignity and Revolution in the Iberian Atlantic. Princeton (N.J.), 2006.

Appleby J. Inheriting the Revolution: The First Generation of Americans. Cambridge (Ma.), 2000.

Belaunde V. A. Bolivar and the Political Thought of the Spanish American Revolution. Baltimore (Md.), 1938 (N.Y., 1967; исп. изд. – Madrid, 1959). Belohlavek /. M. “Let the Eagle Soar”: The Foreign Policy of Andrew Jackson. Lincoln (Neb.), 1985.

Bemis S. F. Early Missions from Buenos-Aires to the United States, 1811–1824. Worcester (Ma.), 1940.

Bernstein H. Making an Inter-American Mind. Gainesville (Fla.), 1961.

Idem. Origins of Inter-American Interest. N.Y, 1965 (1st ed. – N.Y., 1945).

Beyond the Founders: New Approaches to the Political History of the Early American Republic / Ed. by Andrew Robertson, David Waldstreicher, Jeffrey Pasley. Chapel Hill (N.C.), 2004.

Billingsley E. B. In Defense of Neutral Rights: the United States Navy and the Wars of Independence in Chile and Peru. Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1967.

The Birth of Modern Mexico, 1780–1824 / Ed. by Christon I. Archer. Wilmington (Del.), 2003.

Bornholdt L. Baltimore and Early Pan-Americanism: A Study in the Background of the Monroe Doctrine. Northampton (Ma.), 1949.

Brack G. M. Mexico Views Manifest Destiny, 1821–1846: An Essay on the Origins of the Mexican War. Albuquerque (N.M.), 1975.

Brooks Ph. C. Diplomacy and the Borderlands. The Adams – Onis Treaty of 1819. Berkeley (Ca.), 1939.

Calderas F. Bolivar frente a Estados Unidos. Maracaibo, 1983.

Chandler Ch. L. Inter-American Acquaintances. 2nd enl. ed. Sewanee (Tn.), 1917 (1st ed. – Sewanee (Tn.), 1915).

Cunningham N. £., Jr. The Presidency of James Monroe. Lawrence (Ks.) 1996.

Dangerfield G. The Awakening of American Nationalism. 1815–1828. N.Y., 1965.

Idem. The Era of Good Feelings. N.Y., 1952.

Dominguez J. I. Insurrection or Loyalty: The Breakdown of the Spanish American Empire. Cambridge (Ma.), 1980.

Durey M. Transatlantic Radicals and the Early American Republic. Lawrence (Ks.), 1997.

Earle R. A. Spain and the Independence of Colombia, 1810–1825. Exeter, 2000.

Elkins S., McKitrick E. The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788–1800. N.Y., 1993.

Freehling W. W. Prelude to Civil War: The Nullification Controversy in South Carolina, 1816–1836. N.Y., 1965.

Fuentes Mares J. Genesis del expansionismo norteamericano. Mexico, 1980.

Idem. Poinsett, Historia de una Gran Intriga. Sept. ed. Mexico, 1982.

Gallardo G. Joel Roberts Poinsett, agente norteamericano, 1810–1814. Buenos Ayres, 1984.

Goetzmann W. H. When the Eagle Screamed: The Romantic Horizon in American Diplomacy, 1800–1860. N.Y., 1966.

Gregory D. Brute New World: The Rediscovery of Latin America in the Early Nineteenth Century. L., 1992.

Griffin Ch. C. The United States and the Disruption of the Spanish Empire, 1810–1822. N.Y., 1937.

Hargreaves M. W. The Presidency of John Quincy Adams. The Presidency of John Quincy Adams. Lawrence (Ks.), 1985.

Hasbrouck A. Foreign Legionaries in the Liberation of Spanish South America. N.Y., 1928 (N.Y., 1969).

Hofstadter R. The Idea of a Party System: The Rise of Legitimate Oppositoin in the United States, 1780–1840. Berkeley (Ca.), 1969.

Horsman R. Race and Manifest Destiny: The Origins of American Racial Anglo-Saxonism. Cambridge (Ma.), 1981.

Howe D. W. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848 (Oxford History of the United States). N.Y., 2007.

Hunt A. H. Haiti’s Influence on Antebellum America: Slumbering Volcano in the Caribbean. Baton Rouge (La.) 1988.

The Independence of Latin America / Ed. by Leslie Bethell. Cambridge, 1987.

Jaksic I. The Hispanic World and American Intellectual Life, 1820–1860. Houndmills, 2007.

Jaramillo J. D. Bolivar у Canning, 1822–1827. Desde el Congreso de Verona hasta el Congreso de Panama. Bogota, 1983.

Johnson J. J. A Hemisphere Apart: The Foundations of United States Policy toward Latin America. Baltimore (Md.), 1990.

Johnston Η. M. Missions to Mexico: A Tale of British Diplomacy in the 1820s. L., 1992. Kaufmann W. W. British Policy and the Independence of Latin America, 1804–1828. New Haven (Ct.), 1951.

Kansil J. Q. John Quincy Adams and Latin America. Honolulu, 1983 (1st ed. – 1966). Ketcham R. Presidents Above Party: The First American Presidency, 1789–1829. Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1984.

Klamkin M. The Return of Lafayette, 1824–1825. N.Y., 1975.

Kossok M. Im Schatten der Heiligen Allianz: Deutschland und Lateinamerika, 1815–1830: zur Politik der deutschen Staaten gegeniiber der Unabhangigkeitsbewegung Mittel– und Siidamerikas. Berlin, 1964.

Kramer L. Lafayette in Two Worlds: Public Cultures and Personal Identities in an Age of Revolutions. Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1996.

Lang D. G. Foreign Policy in the Early Republic: The Law of Nations and the Balance of Power. Baton Rouge (La.), 1985.

Langley L. D. The Americas in the Age of Revolution, 1750–1850. New Haven (Ct.), 1996.

Idem. The Cuban Policy of the United States: A Brief History. N.Y., 1968.

Idem. Struggle for the American Mediterranean: United States – European Rivalry in the Gulf Caribbean, 1776–1904. Athens (Ga.), 1976.

Lepore J. A is For American: Letters and Other Characters in the Newly United States. NY, 2002.

Lewis J. E., Jr. The American Union and the Problem of Neighborhood: the United States and the Collapse of Spanish Empire, 1783–1829. Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1998. Liss P. K. Atlantic Empires: the Network of Trade and Revolution, 1713–1826. Baltimore (Md.), 1983.

Livermore Sh. } Jr. The Twilights of Federalism: The Disintegration of the Federalist Party, 1815–1830. Princeton (N.J.), 1962.

Lockey J. B. Pan-Americanism. Its Beginnings. N.Y., 1920.

Lynch J. The Spanish American Revolutions, 1808–1826. N.Y., 1973 (рус. изд. – Линч Дж. Революции в Испанской Америке. 1808–1826. М., 1979).

Maclntire J. В. Lafayette, the Guest of the Nation: the Tracing of the Route of Lafayette’s Tour of the United States, 1824–1825. Northampton (Ma.), 1967. Manning W. R. Early Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and Mexico. Baltimore (Md.), 1916.

May E. The Making of the Monroe Doctrine. Cambridge (Ma.), 1975.

Merk F. Manifest Destiny and Mission in American History: A Reinterpretation. N.Y., 1963.

Murphy G. Hemispheric Imaginings: The Monroe Doctrine and Narratives of U.S. Empire. Durham (N.C.), 2005.

Myths, Misdeeds, and Misunderstandings: the Roots of Conflict in U.S. – Mexican Relations / Ed. by Jaime E. Rodriguez O., Kathryn Vincent. Wilmington (Del.), 1997.

Nagel P. C. This Sacred Trust: American Nationality, 1798–1898. N.Y., 1971.

Nichols R. F. Advance Agents of American Destiny, Philadelphia, 1956.

The North American Role in the Spanish Imperial Economy, 1760–1819 / Ed. by Jacques A. Barbier, Allan J. Kuethe. Manchester, 1984.

Orsi R. James Monroe contra la independencia Argentina. Buenos Ayres, 1983.

Owsley F., Jr., Smith G. Filibusters and Expansionists: Jeffersonian Manifest Destiny, 1800–1821. Tuscloosa (AL), 1997.

Paxson F. L. The Independence of the South-American Republics: A Study in Recognition and Foreign Policy. Philadelphia, 1903.

Рёгег L. A., Jr. Cuba and the United States: Ties of Singular Intimacy. Athens (Ga.), 2003 (1st, 2nd eds. – 1990, 1997).

P0rez-Mejia A. A Geography of Hard Times: Narratives about Travel to South America, 1780–1849 / Transl. by D. Chester. Albany (N.Y.), 2004 (исп. изд. – Medellin, 2002).

Perkins B. Castlereagh and Adams: England and the United States, 1812–1823. Berkeley (Ca.), 1964.

Perkins D. Hands off, A History of the Monroe Doctrine. Boston, 1941.

Idem. The Monroe Doctrine, 1823–1826. Cambridge (Ma.), 1927.

Idem. The Monroe Doctrine, 1826–1867. Baltimore (Md.), 1933.

Pessen E. Riches, Class, and Power Before the Civil War. Lexington (Ma.), 1973.

Platt D. C. Latin America and British Trade, 1806–1914. Edinburgh, 1972 (N.Y., 1973).

Pratt J. W. The Expansionists of 1812. N.Y., 1928.

La Repiiblica de las Floridas: Texts and Documents / Comp, by David Bushnell. Mexico, 1986.

Res0ndez A.Changing National Identities at the Frontier: Texas and New Mexico, 1800–1850. Cambridge, 2005.

Revolutionary Currents: Nation Building in the Transatlantic World / Ed. by Michael A. Morrison, Melinda Zook. Lanham (Md.), 2004.

Ridjord J. Foreign Interest in the Independence of New Spain: An Introduction to the War of Independence. Durham (N.C.), 1935.

Rippy J. F. British Investments in Latin America, 1822–1949: A Case Study in the Operations of Private Enterprise in Retarded Regions. Minneapolis (Mn.), 1959.

Idem. Rivalry of the United States and Great Britain over Latin America, 1808–1830. Baltimore (Md.), 1929.

Rives J. L. The United States and Mexico, 1821–1848. A History of the relations between the two countries from the independence of Mexico to the close of the war with the United States. 2 vols. NY, 1913.

Rivoluzione Bolivariana: Istituzioni – Lessico – Ideologia / A cura di Mario Sabbatini // Quaderni Latinoamericani. Vol. VIII (1981).

Robertson W. S. France and Latin-American Independence. Baltimore (Md.), 1939.

Rodriguez O., /. The Independence of Spanish America. Cambridge, 1998.

Rolddn Vera E. The British Book Trade and Spanish American Independence: Education and Knowledge Transmission in Transcontinental Perspective. Aldershot (Hampshire) – Burlington (Vt.), 2003.

Rossignol M.-J. The Nationalist Ferment: The Origins of U.S. Foreign Policy, 1789–1812 / Transl. by Lillian A. Parrott. Columbus (Oh.), 2004 (ориг. изд. – P., 1994).

Russell G. John Quincy Adams and the Public Virtues of Diplomacy. Columbia (Ms.) 1995.

Scharf T. J. The Chronicles of Baltimore; being a complete history of “Baltimore Town” and Baltimore City from the earliest period to the present time. Baltimore (Md.), 1874 (repr. – Port Washington, N.Y., 1972).

Sellers Ch. The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815–1846. N.Y., 1991.

Semmes R. Baltimore as Seen by Visitors, 1783–1860. Baltimore (Md.), 1953.

Setser G. V The Commercial Reciprocity Policy of the United States, 1774–1829. Philadelphia, 1937.

Simon Bolivar: Essays on the Life and Liberty of the Liberator / Ed. by David Bushnell, Lester D. Langley. Lanham (Md.), 2008.

Stagg J. C. A. Borderlines in Borderlands: James Madison and the Spanish-American Frontier, 1776–1821. New Haven (Ct.), 2009.

Stoan S. K. Pablo Morillo and Venezuela, 1815–1820. Columbus (Oh.), 1974.

Taylor G. R. Transportation Revolution. NY, 1951.

Tatum E. H., Jr. The United States and Europe, 1815–1823: A Study in the Background of the Monroe Doctrine. Berkeley (Ca.), 1936.

Turner F. J. Rise of the New West, 1819–1829. NY, 1906.

Tyler A. F. Freedoms Ferment. Phases of American Social History to 1860. Minneapolis (Mn.), 1944.

United States – Latin American Relations, 1800–1850. The Formative Generations / Ed. by T. Ray Shurbutt. Tuscaloosa (AL), 1991.

Vale B. Independence or Death! British Sailors and Brazilian Independence, 1822–1825. L., 1996.

Van Alstyne R. W. The Rising American Empire. N.Y., 1960 (2nd ed. – Chicago (111.), 1965).

Varg P. A. New England and Foreign Relations, 1789–1850. Hanover (N.H.), 1983.

Idem. United States Foreign Relations, 1820–1860. East Lansing (Mich.), 1979.

Vaughan E. Joseph Lancaster en Caracas (1824–1827). Y sus relaciones con el Libertador Simon Bolivar, con datos sobre las escuelas lancasterianas en Hispanoamerica en el siglo XIX, у apuntes sobre los esfuerzos que hizo la sociedad biblica britanica у extranjera en distribuir las sagradas escrituras en espanol en sus territorios. T. I–II. Caracas, 1987–1989.

Warren H. G. The Sword Was Their Passport: A History of American Filibustering in the Mexican Revolution. Baton Rouge (La.), 1943 (repr. – Port Washington (N.Y.), 1972).

The Wars of Independence in Spanish America / Ed. by Christon I. Archer. Wilmington (Del.), 2000.

Watson H. L. Andrew Jackson vs. Henry Clay: Democracy and Development in Antebellum America. Boston, 1998.

Weber D. J. The Mexican Frontier, 1821–1846: The American Southwest under Mexico. Albuquerque (N.M.), 1982.

Idem. Myth and History of the Hispanic Southwest. Albuquerque (N.M.), 1988.

Idem. The Spanish Frontier in North America. New Haven (Ct.), 1992.

Webster Ch. K. The Foreign Policy of Castlereagh, 1815–1822. L., 1925.

Weeks W. E. John Quincy Adams and American Global Empire. Lexington (Ky.), 1992.

Idem. Building the Continental Empire: American Expansionism from the Revolution to the Civil War. Chicago (111.), 1996.

Weinberg A. K. Manifest Destiny: A Study of Nationalist Expansionism in American History. Baltimore (Md.), 1935 (repr. – Chicago (111.), 1966).

Whitaker A. P. The United States and the Independence of Latin America, 1800–1830. Baltimore (Md.), 1941 (repr. – N.Y., 1964).

Idem. The Western Hemisphere Idea: Its Rise and Decline. Ithaca (NY), 1954.

Williford M. Jeremy Bentham on Spanish America: an Account of his Letters and Proposals to the New World. Baton Rouge (La.), 1980.

Исследования общественного мнения и журналистики

Американская проблематика в периодике XVIII–XX вв. / Отв. ред. В. А. Коленеко. М., 2004.

Липпман У. Общественное мнение / Пер. с англ. Т. В. Барчуновой. М., 2004 (ориг. изд. – N.Y., 1922).

Almond G. A. The American People and Foreign Policy. N.Y., 1950.

Bailey T. A. The Man in the Street: the Impact of American Public Opinion on Foreign Policy. N.Y., 1948 (repr. – Gloucester (Ma.), 1964).

Brooke J. L. To be ‘Read by the Whole People’: Press, Party, and Public Sphere in the United States, 1789–1840 // AAS. Proceedings. Vol. 110. Pt. 1. Worcester (Ma.), 2002.

Bauer W. Die oifentliche Meinung und ihre geschichtlichen Grundlagen. Ein Versuch. Tubingen, 1914.

Childs H. L. Public Opinion: Nature, Formation and Role. Princeton (N.J.), 1965.

Emery E. The Press and America: An Interpretative History of Journalism. Englewood Cliffs (N.J.), 1962 (1st ed. – 1954).

John R. Spreading the News: the American Postal System from Franklin to Morse. Cambridge (Ma.), 1995.

Luxon N. N. Niles’ Weekly Register, News Magazine of the Nineteenth Century. Baton Rouge (La.), 1947.

Mott F. L. A History of American Magazines. 4 vols. Cambridge (Ma.), 1930–1938 (repr. – 1957). Vol. I–II.

Ozouf M. Le concept d’opinion publique au XVIIIe siecle // Eadem. L’Homme Regenere: Essais sur la Revolution Fra^aise. P., 1989.

Pasley J. C. “The Tyranny of Printers”: Newspaper Politics in the Early American Republic. Charlottesville (Va.), 2001.

Salmon L. M., The Newspaper and the Historian. N.Y., 1923.

Биографии

Исаев С. А. Джеймс Мэдисон: политическая биография. СПб., 2006.

Acosta Saignes М. Bolivar: Accion у Utopia del hombre de las dificultades. 3.a ed.

Caracas, 1997 (l.a ed. – La Habana, 1977).

Ammon H. James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity. N.Y., 1971.

Belohlavek J. M. Broken Glass: Caleb Cushing and the Shattering of the Union. Kent (Oh.), 2005.

Bemis S. F. John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy. N.Y., 1949.

Idem. John Quincy Adams and the Union. NY, 1956.

Barker Η. E. The Life of Stephen F. Austin, Founder of Texas, 1793–1836: A Chapter in the Westward Movement of the Anglo-American People. Nashville (Tn.), 1925.

Bierck H. A., Jr. Vida Publica de Pedro Gual / Transl. par Leopoldo Landaneta. Caracas, 1947.

Bowman Ch. H., Jr. Vicente Pazos Kanki: Un Boliviano en la Libertad de America / Transl. de Raul Mariaga G. у Samuel Mendoza. La Paz, 1975.

Brant I. James Madison. 6 vols.. Indianapolis (Ind.), 1941–1961. Vol. 4–6 (1800–1836).

Davis Th. B., Jr. Carlos de Alvear, Man of the Revolution: the Diplomatic Career of Argentina’s First Minister to the United States. Durham (N.C.), 1955.

Eaton C. Henry Clay and the Art of American Politics. Boston, 1957.

Eustis F. Augustus Hemenway, 1805–1876, Builder of the United States Trade with the West Coast of South America. Salem (Ma.), 1955.

Frothingham P. R. Edward Everett, Orator and Statesman. Boston, 1925 (repr. – Port Washington, N.Y., 1971).

Fuess С. M. The Life of Caleb Cushing. 2 vols. N.Y., 1923.

Greeley H. The Life and Public Services of Henry Clay, down to 1848 by Epes Sargent.

Edited and Compelled at Mr. Clay’s Death by Horace Greeley. NY, 1860.

Keen B. David Curtis DeForest and the Revolution of Buenos Aires. New Haven (Ct.), 1947.

Keller W. F. The Nations Advocate: Henry Marie Brackenridge and Young America. Pittsburg (Pa.), 1956.

Lewis J. E., Jr. John Quincy Adams: Policymaker for the Union. Wilmington (Del.), 2001.

Lochemes M. F., sister. Robert Walsh: His Story. N.Y., 1941.

LongD. F. Nothing too Daring: A Biography of David Porter, 1780–1843. Annapolis (Md.), 1970.

Lynch J. Simon Bolivar: A Life. New Haven (Ct.), 2006.

Madariaga S., de. Bolivar. Coral Gables (Fla.), 1952.

Masur G. Simon Bolivar. Albuquerque (N.M.), 1948, 1969.

Mayo B. Henry Clay, Spokesman of the New West. Boston, 1937.

Nagel P. C. John Quincy Adams. A Public Life, A Private Life. Cambridge (Ma.), 1999 (1st ed. – N.Y., 1997).

Parsons L. H. John Quincy Adams. Madison (Wise.), 1998.

Parton D. M. The Diplomatic Career of Joel Roberts Poinsett. Wash., D.C., 1934.

Peterson M. D. The Great Triumvirate: Webster, Clay, and Calhoun. N.Y., 1987.

Phillips К. T. William Duane, Radical Journalist in the Age of Jefferson. N.Y., 1989.

Poore В. P. Biographical Sketch of John Stuart Skinner. Reprinted from “The Plough, the Loom and the Anvil” 1854 by John L. O’Connor. N.Y., 1924.

Porter D. D. Memoir of Commodore David Porter of the United States Navy. Albany (N.Y.), 1875.

Putnam Η. E. Joel Roberts Poinsett; a Political Biography. Washington, D.C., 1935.

Remini R. V. Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Empire, 1767–1821. N.Y., 1977.

Idem. Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Freedom, 1822–1832. N.Y., 1981.

Idem. Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union. N.Y., 1991.

Idem. Martin Van Buren and the Making of the Democratic Party. N.Y., 1959.

Rippy /. F. Joel R. Poinsett, Versatile American. Durham (N.C.), 1935 (repr. – N.Y., 1968).

Robertson W. S. The Life of Miranda. 2 vols. N.Y., 1929 (repr. – N.Y., 1969).

Seaburg C., Paterson S. The Ice King: Frederic Tudor and His Circle. Boston (Ma.) – Mystic (Ct.), 2003.

Simmons Μ. E. Santiago F. Puglia, An Early Philadelphia Propagandist for Spanish American Independence. Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1977.

Van Deusen G. G. The Life of Henry Clay. Boston, 1937.

Статьи

Альперович M. С. О «белых пятнах» в истории Америки // ННИ. 1989. № 2.

Он же. Парагвайская революция первой половины XIX в. в историографии США // АЕ. 1974. М., 1974.

Он же. Франсиско де Миранда и «отцы-основатели США» (1783–1806) // АЕ. 2001. М., 2003.

Он же, Ермолаев В. И., Лаврецкий И. R, Семенов С. И. 06 освободительной войне испанских колоний в Америке // Вопросы истории. 1956. № 11.

Болховитинов Η. Н. К вопросу о позиции США в войне Латинской Америки за независимость // Война за независимость в Латинской Америке (1810–1826) / Отв. ред. Η. М. Лавров. М., 1964.

Он же. К вопросу об угрозе интервенции Священного союза в Латинскую Америку. (Из предыстории доктрины Монро) // ННИ. 1957. № 3.

Он же. Присоединение Флориды Соединенными штатами // ННИ. 1959. № 5.

Власова М. А. Американская система Г. Клея и ее роль в идейном становлении вигской партии // Проблемы новой и новейшей истории / Отв. ред. Е. Ф. Язьков. М., 1982.

Гонионский С. А. Территориальная экспансия США в начале XIX века // ННИ. 1958. № 5.

Исаев С. А. Джон Локк и мировоззрение отцов-основателей США // Проблемы всемирной истории: Сб. ст. в честь акад. А. А. Фурсенко. СПб., 2000.

Исэров А. А. США и Панамский конгресс 1826 года // АЕ. 2003. М., 2005.

Он же. «Техасский вопрос» в американской политике в 1815–1821 гг. // Вестник МГУ, серия «история». 2006. № 1.

Лафибер У. Американская историография внешней политики США // ННИ. 1993. № 1.

Потоков Е. Н. Две экспедиции Зебулона Монтгомери Пайка (1805–1806 – 1807) // АЕ. 1991. М., 1992.

Потокова Н. В. Причины и характер североамериканской колонизации Техаса (1821–1835) // АЕ. 1974. М., 1974.

Она же. Ранний период экспансии США в Техас (конец XVIII в. – 1819 г.) // Экспансионистская политика США в первой пол. XIX века / Отв. ред. С. Ф. Хроленок. Иркутск, 1981.

Романова Η. X. К вопросу о политике США в отношении Испании (первая четверть XIX в.) // АЕ. 1977. М., 1977.

Терехов В. И. Борьба течений внутри республиканской партии в «эру доброго согласия» (1815–1824) // Политические партии США в новое время / Отв. ред. Н. В. Сивачев. М., 1981.

Трояновская М. О. Начало англо-американской войны 1812–1815 гг. и формирование концепции национальных интересов во внешней политике США // Вестник МГУ. Сер. 8 «история». 1997. № 1.

Она же. Признание Соединенными Штатами независимых латиноамериканских государств в контексте подготовки доктрины Монро // Исторический опыт Америки: взгляд российских и американских историков / Отв. ред. А. С. Маныкин, Ю. Н. Рогулев, Е. Ф. Язьков. М., 2005.

Филимонова М. А. Идея федерации в XVIII веке и создание конституции США // АЕ. 2002. М., 2004.

Она же. Классический республиканизм в американской и французской революциях конца XVIII века // ННИ. 2004. № 1.

Цыганков А. П., Цыганков П. А. Кризис идеи «демократического мира» // Международные процессы. Т. 3. № 3 (сент. – дек. 2005).

Щелчков А. А. Восстания в Верхнем Перу в 1809 году. К 200-летию начала войны за независимость в Испанской Америке // ННИ. 2009. № 4.

Adelman J. An Age of Imperial Revolutions // AHR. Vol. 113. № 2 (Apr. 2008).

Idem. The Rites of Statehood: Violence and Sovereignity in Spanish America, 1789–1821 // HAHR. Vol. 90. № 3 (Aug. 2010).

Bierck H. A., Jr. Pedro Gual and the Patriot Effort to Capture a Mexican Port, 1816 // HAHR. Vol. 27. № 3 (Aug. 1947).

Blaufarb R. The Western Question: The Geopolitics of Latin American Independence // AHR. Vol. 112. № 3 (June 2007).

Bornholdt L. The Abbe de Pradt and the Monroe Doctrine // HAHR. Vol. 24. № 2 (May 1944).

Bostart R. } DeNovo J. A. Samuel Flagg Bemis // MHS. Proceedings. Vol. LXXXV. Boston, 1973.

Bowman Ch. H., Jr. Manuel Torres, A Spanish American Patriot in Philadelphia, 1796–1822 // Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. 94. № 1 (Jan. 1970).

Brading D. A. Classical Republicanism and Creole Patriotism: Simon Bolivar (1783–1830) and the Spanish American Revolution. University of Cambridge, 1983.

Browning W. E. Joseph Lancaster, James Thomson, and the Lancasterian System of Mutual Instruction, with Special Reference to Hispanic America // HAHR. Vol. 4. № 1 (Feb. 1921).

Cappon L. J. Jared Sparks: The Preparation of an Editor // MHS. Proceedings. Vol. XC. 1978. Boston, 1979.

Cayton A. R. The Debate over the Panama Congress and the Origins of the Second Party System // The Historian. Vol. 47. № 2 (Feb. 1985).

Chandler Ch. L. United States Commerce with Latin America at the Promulgation of the Monroe Doctrine // Quarterly Journal of Economics. Vol. 38. № 3 (May 1924).

eleven A. N. The First Panama Mission and the Congress of the United States // Journal of Negro History. Vol. 13. № 3 (July 1928).

Coleman K. Mythology of the Monroe Doctrine: Reflections on the Social Psychology of Hegemony // Latin America, the United States, and the Inter-American System / Ed. by John D. Martz, Lars Schoultz. Boulder (Co.), 1980.

Сох I. J. The Louisiana – Texas Frontier // Southwestern Historical Quarterly. Vol. 10. № 1 (July 1906); Vol. 17. № 1. (July 1913). № 2 (Oct. 1913).

Crapol E. P. John Quincy Adams and The Monroe Doctrine: Some New Evidence // Pacific Historical Review. Vol. 48. № 3 (Aug. 1979).

Dalleo P. T. Thomas McKean Rodney: U.S. Consul in Cuba: The Havana Years, 1825–1829 // Delaware History. Vol. 22. № 3 (Spring – Summer 1987).

Damas G. C. Simon Bolivar, El Culto Heroico у la Nacion // HAHR. Vol. 63. № 1 (Feb. 1983).

Dyer G. B., Dyer Ch. L. The Beginnings of a United States Strategic Intelligence System in Latin America, 1809–1826 // Military Affairs. Vol. 14. № 2 (Summer 1950).

Faye S. Commodore Aury 11 Lousiana Historical Quarterly. Vol. 24. № 3 (July 1941).

Felstiner M. L. Kinship Politics in the Chilean Independence Movement // HAHR. Vol. 56. № 1 (Feb. 1976).

Fitz C. A. “A Stalwart Motor of Revolutions”: An American Merchant in Pernambuco, 1817–1825 // The Americas. Vol. 65. № 1 (July 2008).

Galey J. H. Salem’s Trade with Brazil, 1801–1870 // Essex Institute Historical Collections. Vol. 107. Salem (Ma.), 1971.

Gilderhus Μ. T. Samuel Flagg Bemis and U.S. – Latin American Relations [SHARF, Presidential Address] // Diplomatic History. Vol. 21. № 1 (Winter 1997).

Gilmore R. L., Harrison J. P. Juan Bernardo Elbers and the Introduction of Steam Navigation on the Magdalena River // HAHR. Vol. 28. № 3 (Aug. 1948).

Gleijeses P. The Limits of Sympathy: The United States and the Independence of Spanish America // Journal of Latin American Studies. Vol. 24. № 3 (Oct. 1992).

Graser M. World History in a Nation-State: The Transnational Disposition in Historical Writing in the United States // Journal of American History. Vol. 95. № 4 (Mar. 2009).

Greene J. P., Knight F. W., Guedea V, Rodriguez O. /. AHR Forum: Revolutions in the Americas // AHR. Vol. 105. № 1 (Feb. 2000).

Gribbin W. A Matter of Faith: North Americans Religion and South American Independence // Americas. Vol. 31. № 4 (Apr. 1975).

Griffin Ch. C. Privateering from Baltimore during the Spanish American Wars for Independence // Maryland Historical Magazine. Vol. 35. № 1 (Mar. 1940).

Hackett Ch. W. The Development of John Quincy Adams’s Policy with Respect to an American Confederation and the Panama Congress, 1822–1825 // HAHR. Vol. 8. № 4 (Nov. 1928).

Hanke L. Dos Palabras on Antonio de Ulloa and the Noticias Secretas // HAHR. Vol. 16. № 4 (Nov. 1936).

Henry M. Joel R. Poinsett, a North American Diplomat in Spanish America, 1811–1829 / Paper Presented at the 10th Anniversary Atlantic Seminar Conference, Harvard, August 8-13, 2005.

Eadem. Privateering Along the Coast of the United States, 1815–1821 // Cahiers Charles V. № 39 (Dec. 2005). L’Amerique: Des Colonies aux Republiques / Dir. par Marie-Jeanne Rossignol, Lucia Bergamasco.

Horsman R. The Dimensions of an “Empire for Liberty”: Expansion and Republicanism, 1775–1825 // Journal of the Early Republic. Vol. 9. № 1 (Spring 1989).

Hoskins H. L. The Hispanic American Policy of Henry Clay, 1816–1828 // HAHR. Vol. 7. № 4 (Nov. 1927).

Jenkins J. A., Sala B. R. The Spatial Theory of Voting and the Presidential Election of 1824 // American Journal of Political Science. Vol. 42. № 4 (Oct. 1998).

Jones С. P. The Images of Simon Bolivar as Reflected in Ten Leading British Periodicals, 1816–1830 // The Americas. Vol. 40. № 3 (Jan. 1984).

Keen B. The Black Legend Revisited: Assumptions and Realities // HAHR. Vol. 49. № 4 (Nov. 1969).

LaFeber W. The Evolution of the Monroe Doctrine from Monroe to Reagan // Redefining the Past: Essays in Diplomatic History in Honor of William Appleman Williams. Corvallis (Ore.), 1986.

Malanson J. J. The Congressional Debate over U.S. Participation in the Congress of Panama, 1825–1826: Washingtons Farewell Address, Monroes Doctrine, and the Fundamental Principles of U.S. Foreign Policy // Diplomatic History. Vol. 30. № 5 (Nov. 2006).

Manning W. R. An Early Diplomatic Controversy between the United States and Brazil // HAHR. Vol. 1. № 2 (May 1918).

Idem. Poinsett’s Mission to Mexico: A Discussion of his Interference in Internal Affairs // American Journal of International Law. Vol. 7. № 4 (Oct. 1913).

Idem. Texas and the Boundary Issue, 1822–1829 // Southwestern Historical Quarterly. Vol. 17. № 3 (Jan. 1914).

Moore J. B. Henry Clay and Pan Americanism // The Collected Papers of John Bassett Moore. 7 vols. New Haven (Ct.), 1944. Vol. IV.

Nichols R. F. William Shaler: New England Apostle of Rational Liberty // New England Quarterly. Vol. 9. № 1 (Mar. 1936).

Paquette G. The Dissolution of the Spanish Atlantic Monarchy // The Historical Journal. Vol. 52. № 1 (2009).

Idem. The Image of Imperial Spain in British Political Thought, 1750–1800 // Bulletin of Spanish Studies. Vol. 81. № 2 (2004).

Idem. The Intellectual Context of British Diplomatic Recognition of the South American Republics, c. 1800–1830 // Journal of Transatlantic Studies. Vol. 2. № 1 (2004).

Paquette R. The Everett – Del Monte Connection: A Study in the International Politics of Slavery // Diplomatic History. Vol. 11. № 1 (Winter 1987).

Pasley J. Conspiracy Theory and American Exceptionalism from the Revolution to Roswell // A Paper Presented at “Sometimes an Art”: A Symposium in Celebration of Bernard Bailyn’s Fifty Years of Teaching and Beyond, May 13, 2000 – .

Patriarca S. Indolence and Regeneration: Tropes and Tension of Risorgimento Patriotism // AHR. Vol. 110. № 2 (Apr. 2005).

Pereira Salas E. Un comerciante norteamericano en nuestras costas: Samuel Hill у sus viajes (1815–1822) // RCHG. T. LXXVI. № 84; T. LXXVII. № 85 (enero-avril, mayo-agosto 1935).

Idem. Henry Hill, comerciante, vice-consul у misionero // RCHG. Tomo LXXXVII. № 95 (julio-dic. 1939).

Idem. Jeremias Robinson, agente norteamericano en Chile (1818–1823) // RCHG. Tomo LXXXII. № 90 (enero-junio 1937).

Idem. La Mision Bland en Chile // RCHG. Tomo LXXVIII. № 86 (sept.-dic. 1935). Idem. La Mision Worthington en Chile // RCHG. Tomo LXXX. № 88 (mayo-agosto 1936).

Perkins B. Early American Foreign Relations: Opportunities and Challenges // Diplomatic History. Vol. 22. № 1 (Winter 1998).

Perkins D. Europe, Spanish America, and the Monroe Doctrine // AHR. Vol. 27. № 2 (Jan. 1922).

Idem. Russia and the Spanish Colonies, 1817–1818 // AHR. Vol. 28. № 4 (July 1923). Idem. “We Shall Gladly Teach”, Presidential Address Read at the Annual Dinner of the American Association, Dec. 29, 1956 // AHR. Vol. 62. № 2 (Jan. 1957). Phillips К. T. Democrats of the Old School in the Era of Good Feelings // The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. 95. № 3 (July 1971). Pletcher D. M. United States Relations with Latin America: Neighborliness and Exploitation (A Review Article) // AHR. Vol. 82. № 1 (Feb. 1977).

Racine K. “This England and This Now”: British Cultural and Intellectual Influence in the Spanish American Independence Era // HAHR. Vol. 90. № 3 (Aug. 2010). Reinhold F. L. New Research on the First Pan-American Congress Held at Panama in 1826 // HAHR. Vol. 18. № 3 (Aug. 1938).

Rippy /· F. Bolivar as Viewed by Contemporary Diplomats of the United States // HAHR. Vol. 15. № 3 (Aug. 1935).

Idem. Britain’s Role in the Early Relations of the United States and Mexico // HAHR. Vol. 7. № 1 (Feb. 1927).

Robertson W. S. The Monroe Doctrine Abroad in 1823–1824 // American Political Science Review. Vol. 6. (Nov. 1912).

Idem. Russia and the Emancipation of Spanish America, 1816–1826 // HAHR. Vol. 21. № 2 (May 1941).

Idem. The Recognition of the Hispanic American Nations by the United States // HAHR. Vol. 1. № 3 (Aug. 1918).

Idem. The Recognition of the Spanish Colonies by the Motherland // HAHR. Vol. 1. № 1 (Feb. 1918).

Idem. South America and the Monroe Doctrine, 1824–1828 // Political Science Quarterly. Vol. 30. № 1 (Mar. 1915).

Idem. The United States and Spain in 1822 // AHR. Vol. 20. № 4 (July 1915). Rosenberg E. A Call to Revolution: A Roundtable on Early U. S. Foreign Relations // Diplomatic History. Vol. 22, № 1 (Winter 1998).

Russell G. Virtue and the Tragedy of the Statesman // New England Quarterly. Vol. 69. № 1 (Mar. 1996).

Salvatore R. North American Travel Narratives and the Ordering/Othering of South America (c. 1810–1860) // Journal of Historical Sociology. Vol. 9. № 1 (Mar. 1996). Schellenberg T. R. Jeffersonian Origins of the Monroe Doctrine // HAHR. Vol. 14. № 1 (Feb. 1934).

Shepherd W. R. Bolivar and the United States // HAHR. Vol. 1. № 3 (Aug. 1918). Stagg J. C. A. James Madison and George Mathews: The East Florida Revolution of 1812 Reconsidered // Diplomatic History. Vol. 30. № 1 (Jan. 2006).

Idem. The Madison Administration and Mexico: Reinterpreting the Gutierrez-Magee Raid of 1812–1813 // William and Mary Quarterly. 3rd series. Vol. 59. № 2 (Apr. 2002).

Stewart W. Argentina and the Monroe Doctrine, 1824–1828 // HAHR. Vol. 10. № 1 (Feb. 1930).

Idem. The Diplomatic Service of John M. Forbes at Buenos-Aires // HAHR. Vol. 14. № 2 (May 1934).

Idem. The South American Commission, 1817–1818 // HAHR. Vol. 9. № 1 (Feb. 1929).

Idem. United States – Argentine Commercial Negotiations of 1825 // HAHR. Vol. 13. № 3 (Aug. 1933).

Stoler M. A. War and Diplomacy: Or, Clausewitz for Diplomatic Historians // Diplomatic History. Vol. 29. № 1 (Jan. 2005).

Temperley H. W. V. The Later American Policy of George Canning // AHR. Vol. 11. № 4 (July 1906).

Thibaud C. “Coupe tetes, brhle cazes”. Peurs et desirs d’Haiti dans TAmerique de Bolivar // Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 2003. № 2.

Warren H. G. Xavier Mina’s Invasion of Mexico // HAHR. Vol. 23. № 1 (Feb. 1943). Weeks W. E. John Quincy Adams’ “Great Gun” and the Rhetoric of American Empire // Diplomatic History. Vol. 14. № 1 (Winter 1990).

Whitaker A. P. Jose Silvestre Rebello: The First Diplomatic Representative of Brazil in the United States // HAHR. Vol. 20. № 3 (Aug. 1940).

Wilgus A. C. Some Activities of United States Citizens in the South American Wars of Independence, 1808–1824 // Louisiana Historical Quarterly. Vol. 14. № 2 (Apr. 1931).

Winn W. B. The Efforts of the United States to Secure Religious Liberty in a Commercial Treaty with Mexico, 1825–1831 // Americas. Vol. 28. № 3 (Jan. 1972). Woodward С. V. The Age of Reinterpretation // AHR. Vol. 66. № 1 (Oct. 1960).

Диссертации

Филимонов И. В. Взаимоотношения Венесуэлы, Великобритании и США во время войны за независимость (1810–1826). Дисс… к.и.н. МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова, 1993.

Arragon R. F. The Congress of Panama. 2 vols. Harvard University, 1923.

Campbell R. Henry Clay and the emerging nations of Spanish America, 1815–1829. University of Virginia, 1966.

Gronet R. W. Early Latin American – United States Contacts: an Analysis of Jeremy Robinson’s Communications to the Monroe Doctrine Administration. Catholic University of America, 1970.

Heckard J. L. The Crossroads of Empire: The 1817 Liberation and Occupation of Amelia Island, East Florida. University of Connecticut, 2006.

Henry M. Vers une Amerique? Les relations entre les Etats-Unis et les nouvelles republiques hispano-americaines, 1810–1826. Universite Paris-VII, 2004.

Morley M. R. The Edge of Empire: Henry Clay’s American System and the Formulation of American Foreign Policy, 1810–1833. University of Wisconsin, 1972.

Pine J. C. The Role of United States Special Agents in the Development of a Spanish American Policy, 1810–1822. University of Colorado, 1955.

Solnik В. B. Contemporary American Opinion on the Spanish American Wars of Independence, 1808–1824. New York University, 1960.

Справочные издания

Словарь американской истории с колониальных времен до Первой мировой войны / Под ред. А. А. Фурсенко. СПб., 1997.

American Diaries: An Annotated Bibliography of Published American Diaries and Journals. 2 vols. Vol. 1 (1492–1844) / Ed. by Laura Arksey, Nancy Pries, Marcia Reed. Detroit (Mich.), 1983.

American Newspapers, 1821–1936: A Union List of Files Available in the United States and Canada / Ed. by Winifred Gregory. N.Y., 1937.

Bemis S. F. y Gardner G. G. Guide to the Diplomatic History of the United States, 1775–1921. Wash., D.C., 1935.

Biographical Directory of the American Congress. 1774–1971. Wash., D.C., 1971.

Bias В. C. Venezuela: 5 siglos de imprenta. Caracas, 1998.

Bolton Η. E. Guide to Materials for the History of the United States in the Principal Archives of Mexico. Wash., D.C., 1913.

Brigham C. History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690–1820. 2 vols. Worcester (Ma.), 1947.

Calendar of Joel R. Poinsett Papers in the Henry D. Gilpin Collection / Ed. by Grace E. Helman, Bernard S. Levin. Philadelphia, 1941.

Catalogue of the Library of the American Philosophical Society Held in Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge. Philadelphia, 1824.

Catalogue of the Library of Jared Sparks; with a list of bound historical manuscripts collected by him, conditionally bequeathed to Harvard College, and now deposited in its library. Cambridge (Ma.), 1871.

Colon M. L. Impresos en Espanol Publicados en Filadelfia Durante Los Anos 1800 a 1835. M.Sc. diss. Catholic University of America, 1951 (дополнено в письме: Manon Theroux to Monica Henry, Aug. 21, 2000 – Philadelphia, Library Company).

Cosentino A. F. The Paintings of Charles Bird King (1785–1862). Wash., D.C., 1977. Cushing W. Index to the North American Review, Volumes I–CXXV. 1816–1877. Cambridge (Ma.), 1878.

Dicccionario Porrda de historia, biografia у geografia de Mexico. 2 tomos. 3.a ed. Mexico, 1970.

Dictionary of American Biography / Ed. by Allen Johnson and Dumas Malone. 22 vols. N.Y., 1928–1940.

Forster H. The South Sea Whaler. Sharon (Ma.), 1985.

Guide to American Foreign Relations since 1700 / Ed. by Richard Dean Burns. Santa Barbara (Ca.), 1983.

Handbook of Texas Online (основано на издании: New Handbook of Texas / Ed. by Ron Tyler, Douglas E. Barnett, Roy R. Barkley, Penelope C. Anderson, Mark F. Odintz. 6 vols. Austin (Tex.), 1996) – . Historical Statistics of the United States. Colonial Times to 1970. 2 parts. Wash., D.C, 1975.

International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences / Ed. by David L. Sills. 19 vols. N.Y., 1968–1991.

James Monroe, 1758–1831: Chronology – documents – bibliographical aids / Ed.

by James Elliot. Dobbs Ferry (N.Y.), 1969.

National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. N.Y., 1898–1945. 32 vols. (cont.). Reilly B. F., Jr. American Political Prints, 1766–1876: A Catalog of the Collections in the Library of Congress. Boston, 1991.

Remini R. V, Miles E. A. The Era of Good Feelings and the Age of Jackson, 1816–1841. Arlington Heights (111.), 1979.

Running for President: the Candidates and Their Images, 1789–1896 / Ed. by Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Fred L. Israel, David J. Trent. NY, 1994.

Senators of the United States: A Historical Bibliography / Comp, by Jo Anne McCormick Quatannens. Wash., D.C., 1995.

Shavit D. The United States in Latin America: A Historical Dictionary. Westport (Ct.), 1992.

The United States Congressional Directories, 1789–1840 / Ed. by Perry M. Goldman, James S. Young. N.Y., 1973.

Weitenkampf F. Political Caricature in the United States In Separately Published Cartoons: An Annotated List. N.Y., 1953.

 

СОКРАЩЕНИЯ

АЕ – Американский ежегодник

ВПР – Внешняя политика России XIX и начала XX века. Документы российского министерства иностранных дел. Серия II. 1815—830. Т. I (IX) – т. VIII (XVI). / Отв. ред. А. Л. Нарочницкий М., 1974—995.

ННИ – Новая и новейшая история

AAS – American Antiquarian Society, Worcester (Ma.)

AHR – American Historical Review

AQR – American Quarterly Review (Philadelphia, 1827–1837)

BILA – Britain and the Independence of Latin America, 1812–1830 / Ed. by Charles K. Webster. 2 vols. Oxford, 1938

DCLA – Manning W. R. Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States Concerning the Independence of Latin-American Nations. 3 vols. Wash., D.C., 1925.

HAHR – Hispanic American Historical Review

HSP – Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

LC – Library of Congress, Wash., D.C.

MDHS – Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore

MHS – Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston

MJQA – Memoirs of John Quincy Adams: Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1795 to 1848 / Ed. by Ch. F. Adams. 12 vols. Philadelphia, 1874–1877.

NAR – North American Review (Boston, 1815–1940)

PHC – Th e Papers of Henry Clay / Ed. by James F. Hopkins, Mary W. M. Hargreaves. 11 vols. Lexington (Ky.), 1959–1992.

RCHG – Revista Chilena de Historia y Geografi a

 

СПИСОК ИЛЛЮСТРАЦИИ И КАРТ

Испанская и Португальская империи в XVI–XIX вв. С. 51.

Рост территории США, кон. XVIII в. – 1820-е гг. С. 153.

Война за независимость и образование независимых государств Латинской Америки. С. 189.

Джон Куинси Адамс. Гравюра Эшера Брауна Дюранда (1796–1886) по портрету Томаса Салли (1783–1872). 1826. С. 85.

Джеймс Монро. Гравюра Николя-Эсташа Морэна (1799–1850) по портрету Гилберта Стюарта (1755–1828) ок. 1817 г. 1828. С. 85.

Генри Клей. Гравюра Питера Маверика (1780–1831) по портрету Чарльза Бирда Кинга (1785–1862). 1822. В руке Клея – текст его резолюции о признании независимости стран Латинской Америки от 10 февраля 1821 г. С. 86.

Октагон. Арх. Уильям Торнтон. 1798–1800. В этой усадьбе вырос Эдуард Торнтон Тэйло. Фото автора (2005). С. 97.

Церковь св. Марии – католическая церковь Филадельфии. 1763, 1810. Фото автора (2005). С. 114.

Хосе Мигель Каррера. Портрет Мигеля Венегаса Сифуэнтеса (1907–1979). 1950. Собрание Club de la Union (Сантьяго, Чили). С. 117.

Мемориальная доска Мануэля Торреса на западной стене церкви св. Марии (Филадельфия). Фото автора (2005). Могила Торреса не сохранилась. С. 192.

Дэвид Портер. Гравюра из: National Cyclopaedia of American Biography Being the History of the United States. N.Y., 1929. Vol. II. P. 98. C. 253.

Здание францисканского монастыря, где в 1826 г. проходили заседания Панамского конгресса. Фото Марии Марисовой (2010). С. 274.

Джоэль Робертс Пойнсетт. Гравюра из: National Cyclopaedia of American Biography Being the History of the United States. N.Y., 1929. Vol. VI. P. 435. C. 287.

Уильям Тюдор. Портрет Гилберта Стюарта. Ок. 1809. Репродукция портрета в: MHS. Proceedings. Vol. I. 1791–1835. Boston, 1879. Between pp. 428–429. C. 305.

Джеймс Ланкастер. Портрет Джона Хэзлита (1767–1837). Ок. 1818. Национальная портретная галерея (Лондон). С. 320.

Джаред Спаркс. Акварель на слоновой кости Анны Клэйпул Пил (1791–1878). 1827. Филадельфийский художественный музей. С. 331.

Унитаристская церковь в Балтиморе, где в 1819–1823 гг. служил Джаред Спаркс. Арх. Максимилиан Годфруа (1765 – после 1840). 1817. Фото автора (2009). С. 334.

Симон Боливар. Портрет Мартина Товара и Товара (1827–1902). 1883. С. 361.

В оформлении книги использованы фрагмент гравюры «Америка» (ок. 1588–1589) из серии «Четыре континента» Адриана Колларта (Adrian Collaert, ок. 1560–1618) по эскизу Мартина де Boca (Marten de Vos, ок. 1531/1532-1603), а также карта Нового Света (сентябрь 1821 г.) Адриена-Юбера Брю (Adrien-Hubert Вше, 1786–1832).

 

SUMMARY

The Latin American struggle for independence ended the sequence of Enlightenment Revolutions. It was the last Atlantic revolution at the end of the heroic age of transoceanic early modern capitalism, the last “pre-telegraph” war of sailing ships and privateers. Simultaneously these controversial events laid the basis for the future development of the Western Hemisphere.

After the War of 1812 the Early Republic was analyzing its tumultuous experience: the concepts of “natural borders” and “political gravitation”, the “American system” program, and the Monroe Doctrine were developed or elaborated during the Era of Good Feelings. The United States perceived their exceptional situation as the only large democratic republic at the periphery of the Vienna system and tried to understand its national goals. The young nation was simultaneously developing its national identity and searching for its place in the world.

The 1810s – 1830s debates about the annexation of Florida and Texas became a part of a wider discussion of the United States’ national interests. This discussion included challenges of how to build relations with its imperial neighbors: powerful and rational Britain and weakening and often unpredictable Spain (and then with Spain’s former colonies which were seldom politically stable).

Back then even sectional differences were not strong enough to shake the universal belief in the continental “destiny” of the United States. For good reason one of the most ardent (and definitely most effective) expansionists was John Quincy Adams from New England.

The Latin American fight for independence became a serious challenge for the United States, one which demanded a strong response. Even after the 1822 recognition of Latin American nations the United States still faced the challenge of deciding how to treat them. Were they allies and partners in the struggle with European influence or rather distant neighbors from the point of their geographic position, political culture, and economic interests? The active Hemisphere policies were able to put the United States in the vanguard of the emerging republican community and simultaneously bring their own complications for its position in the wider world. The correct decision was hard to identify since the United States had no strong army and no professional diplomatic corps.

The Latin American Wars of Independence became an important challenge both for U.S. foreign policy and public thought. In a short period North Americans “discovered” a large Iberian world which became one of the main sources of international news. Alas, North Americans judged this world either by the rigid ideology of Enlightenment, classical republicanism and nascent liberalism or by the older “black legend” prejudice.

Following initial, rather irregular contacts, the United States attitude towards its Southern neighbors passed through at least three stages.

1) In 1815–1822 after the War of 1812 and before the recognition of Latin American nations the growing public interest towards the revolutions of the Western Hemisphere faced the moderate political line of the federal administration. The neutrality line allowed North American merchants to profit from commerce with both sides of the conflict, and the negotiations with Spain restrained the Administration.

The public movement in support of “South brethren” was rather influential and may be compared with “Philhellenism” of 1820s. Enthusiasts tried to promote the diplomatic recognition of Spanish colonies and expressed confidence of brilliant prospects for both new Latin American states and of Pana-merican unity politics. The development of such views was also fostered by communication with outstanding emigrants from Latin America, first and foremost, with Manuel Torres who resided in Philadelphia.

Among the most active participants of this unofficial movement were Henry Clay and his several Kentuckian countrymen, Caesar Rodney (Delaware), Head of the Patent Office William Thornton, journalists William Duane, Hezekiah Niles, Thomas Ritchie, writer and lawyer Henry Brackenridge.

The circle of the Chilean general Jose Miguel Carrera’s supporters stood alone and included politician and diplomat Joel Roberts Poinsett, Commodore David Porter, Maryland Judge Theodorick Bland, his son-in-law public official and publisher John Skinner, journalist Baptis Irvine. The network of Latin American revolutions enthusiasts was especially strong in Philadelphia (a cosmopolitan city with radical traditions) and in Baltimore where privateering against Spain and Portugal provided ample income for mariners unemployed after the end of the Napoleonic wars.

Creole patriots generally enjoyed the sympathies of North Americans who treated the struggles of Spanish colonies as a logical result of their own revolution, but were slow to help southern neighbors. Despite their many conversations with Latin American emissaries, James Monroe and John Quincy Adams did not promote diplomatic recognition. Attempts to organize liberation expeditions from the U.S. territory always failed and consequently injured the image of Spanish American revolutions.

Even Henry Clay who called for recognition of the independence of “South brethren” and United States leadership in the republican Hemisphere never hinted at the possibility of the military support for Latin America. Thus, he was remaining within the neutrality course in its wider construction.

And sympathies did not exclude doubts. Classical republicanism (which underlined civil virtue) and liberalism (with its belief in progress and human capability to correct vices) bore both hopes and skepticism: would the Spanish Americans burdened by colonial heritage be ready for freedom?

The “Western Hemisphere idea” (Arthur P. Whitaker s term), which juxtaposed republican New World with monarchical Europe and stressed the unity of both Americas, became an optimistic answer to this question. This early Panamericanism stems from Thomas Jefferson and was developed by Henry Marie Brackenridge and Henry Clay. Underlining the common features in New World development, politicians and pamphletists were stressing the unity of both Americas, destined to become a bulwark of freedom in the world. This idea was crowned by the international aspect of Clay s “American system” (1821) – a huge temptation of Western hemisphere republican unity as counter-balance to the European monarchical Holy Alliance.

Alas, the “Western Hemisphere idea” often contradicted the factional strifes among revolutionaries themselves. The best example is provided by the activities of Jose Miguel Carrera and his “party” which split the South American commission of 1817–1818 and weakened the positions of “South brethren” in the United States. Evidently, though the Creole revolutionaries liked to employ the “Western Hemisphere idea” notions, they would have never accepted Henry Clay s 1821–1824 plan of the Panamerican union under the aegis of the United States.

The Congress loyal to the Monroe administration did not support Clay’s radical proposals, but the debates on his motions were fruitful. These discussions contributed to the Monroe Doctrine – a generalized expression of shared ideas about the goals of United States diplomacy. The development of the “natural borders” theory represented a step towards the “Manifest Destiny” of 1840s.

The ratification of the Transcontinental treaty and the annexation of Florida opened the way to the diplomatic recognition of former Spanish colonies. After 1821 Adams chose not to worry about Spains reaction. Clays radical program only contributed to the ratification of the Transcontinental Treaty by pressuring Spain. In the final account the opponents Clay and Adams did not contradict each other; both of them were promoting the common cause (the growth of U.S. territory and power) which conditioned the inner logic of their rapprochement in 1824.

2) The next stage encompasses 1822 – early 1826 (from the recognition of Latin American nations to the Panama debates). This comprised a temporary flourishing of the “Western Hemisphere idea” triumph and the peak of enthusiasm towards the southern neighbors. The recognition of the Latin American nations was universally supported.

The word “America” started to imply liberal and republican serving as an antonym to Europe, monarchy, despotism. The first U.S. Minister in Mexico Joel Roberts Poinsett deliberately called the Yorkinos party which he helped to create “American” (Partido Americana). In the end, white English speakers appropriated the monopoly on the notion of “America”.

North Americans were flattered by the fact that creole revolutionaries so readily addressed the ideology of 1776. The Special Agent in the United Provinces of the River Plate and Chile, William Worthington, the Minister in Peru, Samuel Larned, the Texas colonizer, Stephen Austin, even drafted federal constitutional projects for the new nations.

The majority of North Americans now shared a conviction in the final success of the Latin American transition – a conviction founded upon the belief in progress but not on the knowledge of Iberian culture. Not coincidentally, many of the Spanish American Revolution supporters belonged to universalist Protestant denominations which stress the individual over the collective and believe in the possibility of effective social reforms: Hezekiah Niles, William Thornton, Joseph Lancaster were Quakers, Jared Sparks was Unitarian.

The proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine with its principles of non-colonization, non-interference and no-transfer did not entail any responsibilities but laid claim to the leading role in the Western Hemisphere.

The convocation of the inter-American Panama Congress promised to become a good opportunity to proclaim and defend U.S. aims in Latin America. The public discussion around the supposed U.S. participation in Congress activities was destined to clarify attitudes towards new nations of the Western Hemisphere. But just as Henry Clay made the “Spanish American question” a basis for his criticism of the Monroe administration, protests against U.S. participation in the Panama Congress became the first overt action of the Jacksonian opposition to the Adams cabinet.

3) After the failure of the Panama Congress of 1826 early Pan-Americanism ceased to exist. This setback led to the rapid disappointment of U.S. public opinion in the republican prospects of Latin America. The instability at the verge of anarchy and civil war in most of the new nations, and Simon Bolivar s political agenda which, far from copying the northern neighbor’s experience, weakened the North American interest towards “South brethren”.

The failures of U.S. diplomats also contributed to this disillusionment. They were guided by a strange mixture of exalted hopes, arrogant self-confidence, neglect of circumstances, and often (but not always) racial and religious prejudice. U.S. representatives were moved both by a sincere wish to help republican friends and by a desire to attain their personal and national goals, which sometimes contradicted the needs of Latin American states. Those who decided to seek happiness in the South and tried to serve young republics honestly were regularly plagued by troubles but unprincipled adventurers often achieved success. The vigorous colonization of Texas by North American settlers in the 1820s was a private initiative but it corresponded with U.S. national interests and almost irreversibly led to the war with Mexico.

The disappointment of the United States in the Latin American revolutions to a certain extent bid farewell to Enlightenment universalism, to the Humean belief in the possibility of fast socio-political changes from above. Certain contemporaries deemed Catholic countries of Latin America unfit for republican government; certain disillusioned enthusiasts, both Southerners (Joel Roberts Poinsett) and Northerners (Commodore David Porter), expressed racist feelings.

John Quincy Adams called the supporters of Latin American revolutionaries “adventurers and enthusiasts”. We may add that adventurers often were enthusiasts, and enthusiasts acted as adventurers. A merchant, intellectual, revolutionary, journalist, privateer often merged in one person, e.g., William Robinson, David Curtis DeForest or Baptis Irvine. Even the most self-denying enthusiasts tried not to miss an opportunity to profit from their activities in support of Latin America: William Thornton received a right to organize steamboat communication in Columbia and intended to design the bank notes of new nations; William Duane sought to become an intermediary in the weapon supply or to be appointed to a diplomatic position. On the other hand, even the most selfish privateers, merchants, colonists aspired to enlighten the revolutionaries: David Curtis DeForest and Stephen Austin promoted republican values and the U.S. Constitution in Argentina and Mexico.

The initial illusions were founded upon the hopes of material gain, and abstract ideas. North Americans admired “South brethren” only when the latter were successfully following their way of “rational freedom”. After the revolutionary haze thinned, the economic importance of new nations for North America turned out to be rather limited, and their political system seemed remote from Anglo-Saxon ideals.

Remarkably many supporters of the “South brethren” movement were not native North Americans. Among them were European radicals (including Irish emigrants) such as William Duane, William Thornton, Baptis Irvine and also William Cobbett, former officers of Napoleon such as Ducoudray Holstein and Orazio de Santangelo. They believed in the United States as the liberal redeemer of mankind – an idea alien to the nascent national spirit of the country. When on July 4, 1821, John Quincy Adams harshly criticized such messianism he did not just follow the Founding Fathers but also determined his country’s international strategy for decades to come.

In the first third of the nineteenth century the United States aimed to open foreign markets, broaden neutral rights, guarantee the “no-transfer” of colonial dominions in the Americas from one European power to another, and most importantly, provide for territorial expansion. Latin American policies under Madison, Monroe, Adams and Clay corresponded with this general impetus. It found its logical reflection in the Transcontinental treaty, free trade agreements with Latin American nations, support of the status quo in the Spanish Caribbean dominions (Cuba and Puerto-Rico), ans in the failed attempts of the Texas purchase.

In Latin America similar political and legal forms often masked realities different from those in the United States where liberal republicanism had become a stable form of the development of capitalist society. North Americans felt this contradiction, though in the beginning they did not want to admit it. In spite of the hopes of the “American system” ideologue, the New World unity had no strong socio-economic background.

Disappointment in the Latin American potential and the Western Hemisphere unity soon followed the hopes of 1810s – early 1820s. The goals elaborated by Clay as the State Secretary in his diplomatic instructions did not go beyond strict neutrality, in the spirit of George Washingtons Farewell Address. The pessimistic view of inter-American relations prevailed. After 1829–1830 the Southern part of the Hemisphere ceases to attract the attention of public opinion and the U.S. government. “There is but one America like ours” – this phrase expressed the feelings of many former enthusiasts.

The interest in Latin America did not expire but was narrowed and conscientiously limited. From the late 1820s and almost until the end of the nineteenth century this interest was focused on the neighboring regions – Mexico and Spanish dominions in the Caribbean. It would be dictated by the major challenges of U.S. foreign policy: expansion and free trade.

Thus, Latin American revolutionary experience contributed to the victory of republican isolationism over active messianism in the nineteenth-century United States. And the early mutual disappointment of both Americas left a gloomy mark on the subsequent history of the Western Hemisphere.