Отсылки к литературе
Глава 1
1. Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987).
2. Ibid., 207.
3. Ibid., 220.
4. Ibid., 308.
5. Ibid., 411.
6. Ibid., 599.
7. Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander, Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Th en Ignored, the First Personal Computer (New York: William Morrow, 1988).
8. Richard M. Nixon, Leaders (New York: Warner Books, 1982), 5.
9. Norton E. Long, «Th e Administrative Organization as a Political System», Concepts and Issues in Administrative Behavior, eds. S. Mailick and E.H.Van Ness (Englewood Cliff s, NJ: Prentice-Hail, 1962), 110.
10. Nixon, Leaders, 330.
11. John W. Gardner, On Leadership (New York: Free Press, 1990).
12. Michael T. Hannan and John Freeman, Organizational Ecology (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989).
13. Gardner, On Leadership, 55–57.
14. Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, Leaders: Th e Strategies for Taking Charge (New York: Harper and Row, 1985), 6.
15. Ibid., 15–17.
16. Nixon, Leaders, 324.
17. Rosabeth Moss Kanter, «Power Failure in Management Circuits», Harvard Business Review 57 (July — August 1979): 65.
18. Jeffrey Gandz and Victor V. Murray, «Th e Experience of Workplace Politics», Academy of Management Journal 23 (1980): 237–251.
19. Tim Reiterman with John Jacobs, Raven: Th e Untold Story of the Rev. Jim Jones and His People (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1982), 305–307.
20. Nixon, Leaders, 326.
21. Abraham Zaleznik and Manfred F.R. Kets de Vries, Power and the Corporate Mind (Boston: Houghton Miffl in, 1975), 109.
22. Henry Kissinger, Th e White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), 39.
23. Elliot Aronson, Th e Social Animal (San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, 1972), chapter 4; Barry M. Staw, «Rationality and Justifi cation in Organization Life», Research in Organizational Behavior, eds. B.M. Staw and L.L.Cummings (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1980), vol. 2, 45–80; Gerald R. Salancik, «Commitment and the Control of Organizational Behavior and Belief», New Directions in Organizational Behavior, eds. Barry M. Staw and Gerald R. Salancik (Chicago: St. Clair Press, 1977), 1–54.
24. Leon Festinger, A Th eory of Cognitive Dissonance (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1957).
25. Nixon, Leaders, 329.
26. Alok K. Chakrabarti, «Organizational Factors in Post-Acquisition Perfomance», IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 37 (1990): 259–268.
27. Ibid., 259.
28. Ibid., 266.
29. D. Purkayastha, «Note on the Motorcycle Industry—1975», #578–210. Boston: Harvard Business School, 1981.
30. Richard T. Pascale, «Perspectives on Strategy: Th e Real Story Behind Honda’s Success», California Management Review 26 (1984): 51.
31. Ibid., 54.
32. Ibid., 55.
33. William A. Pasmore, Designing Eff ective Organizations: Th e Sociotechnical Systems Perspective (New York: John Wiley, 1988); David L, Bradford and Allan R. Cohen, Managing for Excellence (New York: John Wiley, 1984).
34. Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of E.F. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 98.
35. Ibid., 121.
36. Thomas J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman, Jr., In Search of Excellence (Томас Питерс и Роберт Уотерман «В поисках совершенства». — Издательский дом «Вильямс», 2005); Terrence Deal and Allan A. Kennedy, Corporate Cultures (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1982); Stanley Davis, Managing Corporate Culture (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1984).
37. Richard T. Pascale, «Th e Paradox of «Corporate Culture»: Reconciling Ourselves to Socialization», California Management Review 26 (1985): 26–41; Charles O’Reilly, «Corporations, Culture, and Commitment: Motivation and Social Controlin Organizations», California Management Review 31 (1989): 9–25.
38. Sanford M. Dornbusch, «Th e Military Academy as an Assimilating Institution», Social Forces 33 (1955): 316–321.
39. Richard Harvey Brown, «Bureaucracy as Praxis: Toward a Political Phenomenology of Formal Organizations», Administrative Science Quarterly 23 (1978): 365–382.
40. Janice Lodahl and Gerald Gordon, «Th e Structure of Scientifi c Fields and the Functioning of University Graduate Departments», American Sociological Review 37 (1972): 57–72.
41. Thomas S. Kuhn, Th e Structure of Scientifi c Revolutions, 2d ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970).
42. Irving L. Janis, Victims of Groupthink (Boston: Houghton Miffl in, 1972).
43. Frank Rose, West of Eden: Th e End of Innocence at Apple Computer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989). 81.
44. Ibid., 85.
45. Ibid., 97.
46. Thomas J. Peters, «Symbols, Patterns, and Settings: An Optimistic Case for Getting Th ings Done», Organizational Dynamics 7 (1978): 3–23.
47. Jeffrey Pfeffer, Power in Organizations (Marshfi eld, MA: Pitman Publishing, 1981); Kanter, «Power Failure in Management Circuits»; Richard M. Emerson, «Power-Dependence Relations», American Sociological Review 27 (1962): 31–41.
Глава 2
John P. Kotter, «Power, Success, and Organizational Eff ectiveness», Organizational Dynamics 6, no. 3 (1978): 27–40; and Power and Infl uence: Beyond Formal Authority (New York: Free Press, 1985).
Martin Patchen, «Th e Locus and Basis of Infl uence in Organizational Decisions», Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 11 (1974):
195–221.
Jeff rey Gandz and Victor V. Murray, «Th e Experience of Workplace Politics», Academy of Management Journal 23 (1980): 237–251.
Dan L. Madison et al, «Organizational Politics: An Exploration of Managers’ Perceptions», Human Relations 33 (1980): 79–100.
Jeff rey Pfeff er and Gerald R. Salancik, Th e External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (New York: Harper and Row, 1978), 40.
Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander, Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Th en Ignored, the First Personal Computer (New York: William Morrow, 1988), 14.
Ibid., 148.
M. Ann Welsh and E. Allen Slusher, «Organizational Design as a Context for Political Activity», Administrative Science Quarterly 31 (1986): 389–402.
Rosabeth M. Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
Gerald R. Salancik and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Th e Bases and Use of Power in Organizational Decision Making: Th e Case of a University», Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (1974): 453–473.
Frederick S. Hills and Th omas A. Mahoney, «University Budgets and organizational Decision Making», Administrative Science Quarterly 23 (1978):
454–465.
Jeff rey Pfeff er and William L. Moore, «Power in University Budgeting: Plication and Extension», Administrative Science Quarterly 25 (1980):
637–653.
Ibid., 650–651.
James D. Th ompson and Arthur Tuden, «Strategies, Structures and Processes of Organizational Decision», Comparative Studies in Administration, eds. J.-D. Th ompson et al. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1959): 195–216.
David Halberstam, Th e Reckoning (New York: William Morrow, 1986).
Patrick Wgright, On a Clear Day You Can See General Motors (Grosse MI: Wright Enterprises, 1979), 33.
Salancik and Pfeff er, «Bases and Use of Power».
Chris Argyris, Behind the Front Page (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1974).
Diana Tillinghast, «Th e Los Angeles Times: Weakening of Territorial Imperative», Newspaper Research Journal 1 (1980): 18–26.
Herbert E. Meyer, «Shootout at the Johns-Mansville Corral», Fortune (October 1976): 146–154.
Ibid., 154.
Hugh D. Menzies, «Th e Boardroom Battle at Bendix», Fortune (January 11, 1982): 54–64.
John P. Kotter, Th e General Managers (New York: Free Press, 1982), «Power, Success, and Organizational Eff ectiveness», and Power and Infl uence.
Глава 3
Andrew M. Pettigrew, Politics of Organizational Decision-Making (London: Tavistock, 1973), 240.
David Krackhardt, «Assessing the Political Landscape: Structure, Cognition and Power in Organizations», Administrative Science Quarterly 35 (1990): 342–369.
Jeff rey Pfeff er and Gerald R. Salancik, «Administrator Eff ectiveness: Th e Eff ects of Advocacy and Information on Resource Allocations», Human Relations 30 (1977): 641–656.
Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of E.F. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 52–53.
Ibid., 51–52.
Ibid., 215.
Henri Tajfel and Joseph P. Forgas, «Social Categorization: Cognitions, Values and Groups», Social Cognition: Perspectives on Everyday Understanding, ed. Joseph P. Forgas (New York: Academic Press, 1981), 113–140.
Marilynn B. Brewer and Roderick M. Kramer, «Th e Psychology of Intergroup Attitudes and Behavior», Annual Review of Psychology 36 (1985): 219–243.
Charles Perrow, «Departmental Power and Perspectives in Industrial Firms», Power in Organizations, ed. Mayer K. Zald (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 1970), 59–89.
C.R. Hinings et al., «Structural Conditions of Intraorganizational Power», Administative Science Quarterly 19 (1974): 22–44.
Jeff rey Pfeff er and Gerald R. Salancik, «Organizational Decision Making as a Political Process: Th e Case of a University Budget», Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (1974): 135–151; Jeff rey Pfeff er and William L. Moore, «Power in University Budgeting: A Replication and Extension», Administrative Science Quarterly 25 (1980): 637–653.
Martin Patchen, «Th e Locus and Basis of Infl uence in Organizational Decisions», Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 11 (1974):
195–221.
Nelson W. Polsby, «How to Study Community Power: Th e Pluralist Alternative», Journal of Politics 22 (1960): 474–484.
Pfeff er and Salancik, «Organizational Decision Making»; Pfeff er and Moore, «Power in University Budgeting».
Stevens, Sudden Death, 160.
T.L. Whisler et al., Centralization of Organizational Control: An Empirical Study of Its Meaning and Measurement”, Journal of Business 40 (1967): 10–26.
Michael Lewis, Liar’s Poker: Rising through the Wreckage on Wall Street (New York: Penguin, 1990), 59.
John R.P. French, Jr., and Bertram Raven, «Th e Bases of Social Power», Group Dynamics, eds. Dorwin Cartwright and Alvin Zander, 3rd ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1968), 259–269; Patchen, «Locus and Basis of Infl uence», 210.
Stevens, Sudden Death.
Глава 4
Michael L. Tushman, William H. Newman, and Elaine Romanelli, «Convergence and Upheaval: Managing the Unsteady Pace of Organizational Evolution», California Management Review 29 (1986): 29–44.
R.E. Nisbett and L. Ross, Human Inferences: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment (Englewood Cliff s, NJ: Prentice-Half, 1980).
Linda E. Ginzel, «Th e Impact of Biased Feedback Strategies on Performance Judgments», Research Paper #1102 (Palo Alto, CA: Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, 1990).
Ibid., 26.
Robert W. Allen et al., «Organizational Politics: Tactics and Characteristics of Its Actors», California Management Review 22 (1979): 77–83.
David G. Winter, «Leader Appeal, Leader Performance, and the Motive Profi les of Leaders and Followers: A Study of American Presidents and Elections», Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 (1987): 196–202.
Ibid., 200.
Christopher H. Achen, Th e Statistical Analysis of Quasi-Experiments (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986).
Andrew M. Pettigrew, Politics of Organizational Decision-Making London: Tavistock, 1973), 17.
Ibid., 31.
D.J. Hickson et al., «A Strategic Contingencies’ Th eory of Intraorganizational Power», Administrative Science Quarterly 16 (1971): 216–229.
Martin Patchen, «Th e Locus and Basis of Infl uence in Organizational Decisions», Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 11 (1974): 209.
Ibid., 213.
George Strauss, «Tactics of Lateral Relationship: Th e Purchasing Agent», Administrative Science Quarterly 7 (1962): 161–186.
Michael L. Tushman and Elaine Romanelli, «Uncertainty, Social Location and Infl uence in Decision Making: A Sociometric Analysis», Management Science 29 (1983): 12–23.
Gerald R. Salancik, Jeff rey Pfeff er, and J. Patrick Kelly, «A Contingency Model of Infl uence in Organizational Decision Making», Pacifi c Sociological Review 21 (1978): 239–256.
Ibid., 253.
Bernard M. Bass, «Evolving Perspectives on Charismatic Leadership», Charismatic Leadership, eds. Jay A. Conger, Rabindra N. Kanungo and Associates (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1988), 40–77.
Robert J. House, William D. Spangler, and James Woycke, «Personality and Charisma in the U.S. Presidency: A Psychological Th eory of Leadership Effectiveness», unpublished, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 1989.
Ibid.; Robert J. House, «A 1976 Th eory of Charismatic Leadership» Leadership: Th e Cutting Edge, eds. J.G. Huntand L.L. Larson (Carbondale:
Southern Illinois University Press, 1977).
House, Spangler, and Woycke, «Personality and Charisma».
Nancy C. Roberts and Raymond Trevor Bradley, «Limits of Charisma» Charismatic Leadership, eds. Jay A. Conger, Rabindra N. Karmngo and Associates (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1988), 253–275.
Ibid., 254. 24. Ibid., 260.
Ibid., 263.
Ibid.
Ibid., 264.
Ibid., 269.
Ibid.
Ibid., 268.
Глава 5
Robert A. Caro, Th e Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974).
Robert A. Caro, Th e Path to Power: Th e Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), 261.
Ibid., 263.
Ibid., 264–265.
David Halberstam, Th e Reckoning (New York: William Morrow, 1986); Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989).
Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander, Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Th en Ignored, the First Personal Computer (New York: William Morrow, 1988).
Max Holland, When the Machine Stopped (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1989).
Jeff rey Pfeff er and Gerald R. Salancik, Th e External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (New York: Harper and Row, 1978), 48–49.
Richard C. Edwards, Contested Terrain: Th e Transformation of the Workplace in the Twentieth Century (New York: Basic Books, 1979).
Sanford M. Jacoby, Employing Bureaucracy: Managers, Unions, and the Transformation of Work in American Industry, 1900–1945 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985).
John M. Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989).
Ibid., 68.
Ibid., 69. 14. Ibid., 70.
Ibid.
Richard M. Emerson, «Power-Dependence Relations», American Sociological Review 27 (1962): 31–41; Peter M. Blau, Exchange and Power in Social Life (New York: John Wiley, 1964).
Otto A. Davis, M.A.H. Dempster, and Aaron Wildavsky, «A Th eory of the Budgeting Process», American Political Science Review 60 (1966): 529–547; Jeff rey Pfeff er and Gerald R. Salancik, «Organizational Decision Making as a Political Process: Th e Case of a University Budget», Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (1974): 135–151; Jeff rey Pfeff er and William L. Moore, «Power in University Budgeting: A Replication and Extension», Administrative Science Quarterly 25 (1980): 637–653.
Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, «Choices, Values, and Frames», American Psychologist 39 (1984): 341–350.
Gerald R. Salancik and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Th e Bases and Use of Power in Organizational Decision Making: Th e Case of a University», Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (1974): 135–151; Pfeff er and Moore, «Power in University Budgeting».
Janice Lodahl and Gerald Gordon, «Funding the Sciences in University Departments», Educational Record 54 (1973): 74–82.
Paul J. DiMaggio and Walter W. Powell, «Th e Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields», American Sociological Review 48 (1983): 147–160.
Robert P. Gandossy, Bad Business: Th e OPM Scandal and the Seduction of the Establishment (New York: Basic Books, 1985), 5.
Ibid., 11.
Ibid., 38-39
Ibid., 39.
Ibid., 41. 27. Ibid., 44.
Ibid., 52.
Ibid., 53.
Ibid., 215.
Jeff rey Pfeff er and Alison Konrad, «Th e Eff ects of Individual Power on Earnings», Work and Occupations (in press, 1991).
Halberstam, Th e Reckoning.
Ibid., 136.
Ibid., 141.
Ibid., 148.
Ibid., 156.
Ibid., 183.
Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power, 18.
Bryan Burrough and John Helyar, Barbarians at the Gate: Th e Fall of RJR Nabisco (New York: Harper and Row, 1990), 35.
Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power, 71.
Ibid., 76.
Ibid., 84.
J. Patrick Wright, On a Clear Day Yow Can See General Motors (Grosse Point, MI; Wright Enterprises, 1979), 41.
Donald L. Helmich and Warren B. Brown, «Successor Type and Organizational Change in the Corporate Enterprise», Administrative Science Quarterly 17 (1972): 371–381.
Alvin W. Gouldner, «Th e Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement», American Sociological Review 25 (1960): 161–178.
Caro, Th e Power Broker.
Burrough and Helyar, Barbarians at the Gate, 63.
Ibid., 37.
Hugh D. Menzies, «Th e Boardroom Battle at Bendix», Fortune (January 11, 1982): 62.
Burrough and Helyar, Barbarians at the Gate, 63.
Ibid., 64.
Frank Rose, West of Eden: Th e End of Innocence at Apple Computer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989), 132.
Ken Auletta, «Power, Greed and Glory on Wall Street: Th e Fall of Lehman Brothers», New York Times Magazine (February 17, 1985): 34.
Глава 6
Linton C. Freeman, «Centrality in Social Networks: Conceptual Clarifi cations», Social Networks 1 (1979): 215–239; Daniel J. Brass, «Being in the Right Place: A Structural Analysis of Individual Infl uence in an Organization», Administrative Science Quarterly 29 (1984): 518–539.
Freeman, «Centrality in Social Networks».
Alex Bavelas, «Communication Patterns in Task Oriented Groups»,
Journal of Acoustical Society of America 22 (1950): 725–730; Harold J. Leavitt, «Eff ects of Certain Communication Patterns on Group Performance», Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 46 (1951): 38–50.
Kenneth D. Mackenzie, A Th eory of Group Structures (London: Gordon and Breach, 1975).
Jay R. Galbraith, Designing Complex Organizations (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1973).
Ibid.
Hickson et al., «A Strategic Contingencies’ Th eory of Intraorganizational Power», Administrative Science Quarterly 16 (1971): 216–229.
Andrew M. Pettigrew, «Information Control as a Power Resource»,Sociology 6 (1972): 190–191.
Brass, «Being in the Right Place», 519.
Ibid., 525.
Ibid., 532.
David Krackhardt, «Assessing the Political Landscape; Structure, Cognition and Power in Organizations», Administrative Science Quarterly 35 (1990): 342–369.
Jeff rey Pfeff er and Alison Konrad, «Th e Eff ects of Individual Power on Earnings», Work and Occupations (in press, 1991).
Frank Rose, West of Eden: Th e End of Innocence at Apple Computer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989), 244–245.
Ibid., 298.
Robert A. Caro, Th e Path to Power: Th e Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), 266.
Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of E.F. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 161.
Henry Kissinger, Th e White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), 47.
David Halberstam, Th e Reckoning (New York: William Morrow, 1986); Neil Fligstein, «Th e Intraorganizational Power Struggle: Rise of Finance Personnel to Top Leadership in Large Corporations, 1919–1979», American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 44–58.
Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 58.
Ibid., 60–61.
Festinger, S. Schacter, and K. Back, Social! Pressures in Informal Groups (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1950).
John P. Kotter, «Power, Success, and Organizational Eff ectiveness», Organizational Dynamics 6, no. 3 (1978): 27–40.
Christopher Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive (New York: W.W. Norton, 1986).
Patrick Wright, On a Clear Day You Can See General Motors (Grosse point, MI: Wright Enterprises, 1979).
Rosabeth M. Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
Глава 7
New York Times (July 15, 1978): 23.
Sally Bedell Smith, In All His Glory: Th e Life of William S. Paley (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 397.
David Mechanic, «Sources of Power of Lower Participants in Complex Organizations», Administrative Science Quarterly 7 (1962): 349–364.
John W. Gardner, On Leadership (New York: Free Press, 1990), 24.
Stanley Milgram, Obedience to Authority (New York: Harper and Row, 1974).
Max Weber, Th e Th eory of Social and Economic Organization (New York: Free Press, 1947).
Steven Bach, Final Cut: Dreams and Disaster in the Making of Heavens Gate (New York: William Morrow, 1985), 54.
Lynne G. Zucker, «Th e Role of Institutionalization in Cultural Persistence», American Sociological Review 42 (1977): 726–743.
R.C. Jacobs and D.T. Campbell, «Th e Perpetuation of an Arbitrary Tradition Th rough Successive Generations of a Laboratory Microculture», Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 62 (1961): 649–658.
Zucker, «Th e Role of Institutionalization», 732.
Ibid., 732–733.
J. Sterling Livingston, «Pygmalion in Management», Harvard Business Review 47 (July — August 1969): 81–89; W. Peter Archibald, «Alternative Explanations for Self-Fulfi lling Prophecy», Psychological Bulletin 81 (1974): 74–84.
Mark Snyder, «Self-Fulfi lling Stereotypes», Psychology Today 16 (July 1982): 60–68.
Lloyd H. Strickland, «Surveillance and Trust», Journal of Personality 26 (1958): 200–215.
Rosabeth M. Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
David E. Berlew and Douglas T. Hall, «Th e Socialization of Managers: Eff ects of Expectations on Performance», Administrative Science Quarterly 11 (1966): 207–223.
Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 66–67.
Ibid., 67.
Smith, In All His Glory, 150.
Ibid., 152.
Ibid., 153.
Ibid., 156.
Henry Kissinger, Th e White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), 47.
Ibid., 47.
David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 79.
Ibid., 80.
M.J. Lerner and C.H. Simmons, «Observer’s Reaction to the «Innocent Victim»: Compassion or Rejection?» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 4 (1966): 203–210.
John M, Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989): 154.
Joseph W. Harder, Play for Pay: Salary Determination and the Effects of Overand Under-Reward on Individual Performance in Professional Sports (Stanford, CA: Stanford University, unpublished doctoral dissertation, 1989).
Robert A. Caro, Th e Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 463.
James G. March and John P. Olsen, Ambiguity and Choice in Organizations (Bergen, Norway: Univcrsitetsforlaget, 1976).
Gardner, On Leadership, 8.
Martha S. Feldman and James G. March, «Information in Organizations as Signal and Symbol», Administrative Science Quarterly 26 (1981): 171–186.
Глава 8
Michael Lewis, Liar’s Poker: Rising through the Wreckage on Wall Street (New York: Penguin, 1990), 61.
William L. Moore and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Th e Relationship Between Departmental Power and Faculty Careers on Two Campuses: Th e Case for Structural Eff ects on Faculty Salaries», Research in Higher Education 13 (1980): 291–306.
Jeff rey Pfeff er and Alison Davis-Blake, «Understanding Organizational Wage Structures: A Resource Dependence Approach», Academy of Management Journal 30 (1987): 437–455.
John E. Sheridan et al., «Eff ects of Corporate Sponsorship and Departmental Power on Career Tournaments», Academy of Management Journal 33 (1990): 578–602.
John M, Barry, The Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 29.
Janice Lodahl and Gerald Gordon, «Th e Structure of Scientifi c Fields and the Functioning of University Graduate Departments», American Sociological Review 37 (1972): 57–72.
Janice Lodahl and Gerald Gordon, «Funding the Sciences in University Departments», Educational Record 54 (1973): 74–82.
Jeff rey Pfeff er and William L. Moore, «Power in University Budgeting: A Replication and Extension», Administrative Science Quarterly 25 (1980): 637–653.
Rosabeth M. Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
Gerald R. Salancik, Barry M. Staw, and Louis R. Pondy, «Administrative Turnover as a Response to Unmanaged Organizational Interdependence, Academy of Management Journal 23 (1980): 422–437; Jeff rey Pfeff er and William L. Moore, «Average Tenure of Academic Department Heads: Th e Eff ects of Paradigm, Size, and Departmental Demography», Administrative Science Quarterly 25 (1980): 387–406.
Alison M. Konrad and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Do You Get What You Deserve? Factors Aff ecting the Relationship Between Productivity and Pay», Administrative Science Quarterly 35 (1990): 258–285.
Janice M. Beyer and Th omas M. Lodahl, «A Comparative Study of Patterns of Infl uence in United States and English Universities», Administrative Science Quarterly 21 (1976): 104–129.
Pfeff er and Moore, «Average Tenure of Academic Department Heads»; Salancik, Staw, and Pondy, «Administrative Turnover».
D.J. Hickson et al., «A Strategic Contingencies’ Th eory of Intraorganizational Power», Administrative Science Quarterly 16 (1971): 216–229
Setsuo Miyazawa, «Legal Departments of Japanese Corporations in the United States: A Study on Organizational Adaptation to Multiple Environments», Kobe University Law Review 20 (1986): 97–162.
Ibid., 135.
Ibid., 126.
John Dean, Blind Ambition (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1976), 30.
Ibid., 38.
Ibid., 40.
Richard M. Emerson, «Power-Dependence Relations», American Sociological Review 27 (1962): 31–41; Peter M. Blau, Exchange and Power in Social Life (New York: John Wiley, 1964).
Michel Crozier, Th e Bureaucratic Phenomenon (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964).
Robert A. Caro, Th e Power Broker; Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 464.
Ibid., 464–465.
Hickson et al, «A Strategic Contingencies’ Th eory»; C.R. Minings et al., «Structural Conditions of Intraorganizational Power», Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (1974): 216–229.
Глава 9
John P. Kotter, Th e General Managers (New York: Free Press, 1982).
Hedrick Smith, Th e Power Game: How Washington Works (New York: Ballantine, 1988), 61–62.
Robert Caro, Th e Path to Power: Th e Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), 218.
Ibid., 226.
Ibid., 235.
Robert Caro, Th e Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 227.
Sally Bedell Smith, In All His Glory: Th e Life of William S. Paley (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 394.
John W. Gardner, On Leadership (New York: Free Press, 1990), 48.
Robert Caro, Means of Ascent: Th e Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York:
Alfred A. Knopf, 1990).
Caro, Th e Path to Power.
Caro, Th e Power Broker, 229.
Kotter, Th e General Managers.
Smith, In All His Glory, 395.
John M. Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 20.
Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander, Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Th en Ignored, the First Personal Computer (New York: William Morrow, 1988), 50.
Ibid., 131–132.
Gardner, On Leadership, 1.
Jeanne M. Brett, Stephen B. Goldberg, and William L. Ury, «Designing Systems for Resolving Disputesin Organizations», American Psychologist 45 (1990): 162–170; Roger Fisher and William Ury, Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreements Without Giving In (Boston: Houghton Miffl in, 1981).
Max H. Bazerman and Margaret A. Neale, «Heuristics in Negotiation: Limitations to Dispute Resolution Eff ectiveness», Negotiating in Organizations, eds. M.H. Bazerman and R.J. Lewicki (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1983).
51–67.
Gardner, On Leadership, 50–51.
Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power, 12.
Paul Clancy and Shirley Elder, TIP: A Biography of Th omas P. O’NeillSpeaker of the House (New York: Macmillan, 1980), 4.
Smith, In All His Glory, 391.
Ibid.
Ibid., 404.
Caro, «My Search for Coke Stevenson», Th e New York Times Book Review (February 3, 1991), 28.
Gardner, On Leadership, 53.
Aaron Bernstein, Grounded: Frank Lorenzo and the Destruction of Eastern Airlines (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 167.
Richard Christie and Florence L. Geis, Studies in Machiavellianism (New York: Academic Press, 1970), 312.
Gerald R. Salancik and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Who Gets Power — and How Th ey Hold on to It: A Strategic-Contingency Model of Power», Organizational Dynamics 5 (1977): 3–21.
James D. Th ompson and Arthur Tuden, «Strategies, Structures and Processes of Organizational Decision», Comparative Studies in Administration, eds. J.D. Th ompson et al. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1959), 195–216.
Robert L. Khan et al., Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Confl ictand Ambiguity (New York: John Wiley, 1964).
Th omas C. Schelling, Th e Strategy of Confl ict (New York: Oxford University Press, 1963), 13.
Hedrick Smith, Th e Power Game: How Washington Works (New York: Ballantine, 1988), 61.
David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 30.
Caro, Th e Power Broker, 448.
Ibid., 449 38. Ibid., 448.
Bryan Burrough and John Helyar, Barbarians at the Gate: Th e Fall of RJR Nabisco (New York: Harper and Row, 1990), 19.
Ibid., 21.
Ibid., 34.
Ken Auletta, «Power, Greed and Glory on Wall Street: Th e Fall of Lehman Brothers», Th e New York Times Magazine (February 17, 1985).
Ibid., 36.
Smith, In All His Glory, 408.
Laton McCartney, Friends in High Places: Th e Bechtel Story (New York:
Simon and Schuster, 1988), 170.
Ibid.
Ibid., 172.
Ibid., 179.
Ibid.
Ibid., 180.
Глава 10
Robert B. Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice, 2d ed. (Glenview, IL:
Scott, Foresman, 1988).
Ibid.
Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander, Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Th en Ignored, the First Personal Computer (New York: William Morrow, 1988).
Gerald R. Salancik, «Commitment and Control of Organizational Behavior and Belief», New Directions in Organizational Behavior, eds. Barry M.
Staw and Gerald R. Salancik (Chicago: St. Clair Press, 1977).
Daryl J. Bern, «Self-Perception Th eory», Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, ed. Leonard Berkowitz, vol. 6 (New York: Academic Press, 1972), 1–62.
E. Aronson and J. Mills, «Th e Eff ect of Severity of Initiation on Liking for a Group», Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 59 (1959): 177.
John W. Gardner, On Leadership (New York: Free Press, 1990).
Barry M. Staw and Jerry Ross, «Commitment in an Experimenting Society: An Experiment on the Attribution of Leadership from Administrative Scenarios», Journal of Applied Psychology 65 (1980):249–260.
Steven Bach, Final Cut: Dreams and Disaster in the Making of Heaven’s Gate (New York: William Morrow, 1985), 181.
Ibid., 187. 11. Ibid., 189.
Ibid., 191.
Ibid., 192.
Ibid., 196.
Tracy Kidder, Soul of a New Machine (Boston: Atlantic-Little, Brown, 1981), 65–66.
Christopher Matthews, Hardball: How Politics Is Played — Told By One Who Knows Th e Game (New York: Summit Books, 1988), 60.
Ibid., 62–63.
Aaron Bernstein, Grounded: Frank Lorenzo and the Destruction of Eastern Airlines (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 133.
Ibid., 134.
Ibid., 136.
Ibid., 137.
Jack W. Brehm, A Th eory of Psychological Reactance (New York: Academic Press, 1966).
Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice, 232.
Ibid.
Frank Rose, West of Eden: Th e End of Innocence at Apple Computer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989), 78.
David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 78.
Ibid., 410.
Ibid., 245.
Глава 11
Leon Festinger, «A Th eory of Social Comparison Processes», Human Relations 7 (1954): 117–140.
Ellen Berscheid and Elaine Hatfi eld Walster, Interpersonal Attraction (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1969); D. Byrne, «Attitudes and Attraction», Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, ed. Leonard Berkowitz, vol. 4 (New York: Academic Press, 1969), 35–89.
Robert B. Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice, zd ed. (Glenview IL:
Scott, Foresman, 1988), 112.
Ibid., 123.
Bibb Latane and John M. Darley, Group Inhibition of Bystander Intervention in Emergencies, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 10 (1968): 215–221.
Joseph B. White and Gregory A. Patterson, «GM Begins Quest to Win Back Consumer Confi dence», Th e Wall Street Journal (May 4, 1990): B1
Robert P. Gandossy, Bad Business: Th e OPM Scandal and the Seduction of the Establishment (New York: Basic Books, 1985), 11.
lbid., 12–13.
Steven Bach, Final Cut: Dreams and Disaster in the Making of Heaven’s Gate (New York: William Morrow, 1985).
Ibid., 76–77.
Christopher Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive (New York: W.W. Norton, 1986).
Seymour M. Hersh, Th e Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House (New York: Summit Books, 1983).
Ibid., 24.
Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice, 157.
Frank Rose, West of Eden: Th e End of Innocence at Apple Computer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989), 274.
Ibid., 276.
Jerry Ross and Kenneth R. Ferris, «Interpersonal Attraction and Organizational Outcomes: A Field Examination», Administrative Science Quarterly 26 (1981): 617–632.
M.G. Efran and E.WJ. Patterson, «Th e Politics of Appearance», University of Toronto, 1976.
Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice, 162. Cialdini also cites P.L. Benson, S.A. Karabenic, and R.M. Lerner, «Pretty Pleases: Th e Eff ects of Physical Attractiveness on Race, Sex, and Receiving Help», Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 12 (1976): 409–415; and S. Chaiken, Communicator Physical Attractiveness and Persuasion, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 (1979): 1387–1397.
Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice.
Bryan Burrough and John Helyar, Barbarians at the Gate: Th e Fall of RJR Nabisco (New York: Harper and Row, 1990), 69.
CamiIle B. Wortman and Joan A. Linsenmeier, “Interpersonal Attraction and Techniques of Ingratiation in Organizational Settings, New Directions in Organizational Behavior, eds. Barry M. Staw and Gerald R. Salancik (Chicago: St. Clair Press, 1977), 133–178.
Robert A. Caro, Th e Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 454.
Ibid., 455.
Ibid., 457.
Ibid., 458.
Gandossy, Bad Business, 19.
Ibid., 26.
Laton McCartney, Friends in High Places: Th e Bechtel Story (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988), 156.
Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of E.F. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 81.
Ibid., 82–83.
Ibid., 84.
M Sherif et al., Intergroup Confl ict and Cooperation: Th e Robbers’ Cave Experiment (Norman: University of Oklahoma Institute of Intergroup Relations, 1961).
Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice, 171.
Ibid., 172.
Fritz Heider, Th e Psychology of Interpersonal Relations (New York: John Wiley, 1958).
Arlie Hochschild, Th e Managed Heart (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983).
Ibid., 96–97.
Anat Rafaeli and Robert I. Sutton, «Th e Expression of Emotion in Organizational Life», Research in Organizational Behavior, ed. Barry M. Staw, vol. 11 (Greenwich, CT; JAI Press, 1989), 15–16.
Robert I. Sutton and Anat Rafaeli, «Untangling the Relationship Between Displayed Emotions and Organizational Sales: Th e Case of Convenience Stores», Academy of Management Journal 31 (1988):465.
Anat Rafaeli and Robert I. Sutton, «Expression of Emotion as Part of the Work Role», Academy of Management Review 12 (1987): 23–37.
R.O. Arther and R.R. Caputo, Interrogation for Investigators (New York: William C. Copp and Associates, 1959), 75–76.
K.L. Tidd and J.S. Lockard, «Monetary Signifi cance of the Affi liative Smile», Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 11 (1978): 344–346.
Robert I. Sutton, «Maintaining Organizational Norms About Expressed Emotions: Th e Case of Bill Collectors», Administrative Science Quarterly 36(1991): 245–268.
Anat Rafaeli and Robert I. Sutton, «Emotional Contrast Strategies as Means of Social Infl uence: Lessons from Criminal Interrogators and Bill Collectors», Academy of Management Journal (in press).
Rafaeli and Sutton, «Expression of Emotion», 31.
Глава 12
Th omas C. Schelling, Th e Strategy of Confl ict (New York: Oxford University Press, 1963).
Peter W. Bernstein, «Upheaval at Bendix», Fortune (November 1, 1980):
48–56.
Ibid., 52–53.
Hugh D. Menzies, «Th e Boardroom Battle at Bendix», Fortune (January 11, 1982): 56.
Ibid., 60. 6. Ibid., 62.
Ibid.
Horwitch, «Managing the U.S. Supersonic Transport Program (A)», 678–949. Boston: Harvard Business School, 1977.
Robert A. Caro, Th e Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 203.
Aaron Bernstein, Grounded: Frank Lorenzo and the Destruction of Eastern Airlines (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 84–85.
Barry Schwartz, «Waiting, Exchange, and Power: Th e Distribution of Time in Social Systems», American Journal of Sociology 79 (1974): 843–844.
Ibid., 844.
Ibid., 857.
Ibid., 859.
Bryan Burrough and John Helyar, Barbarians at the Gate: Th e Fall of RJR Nabisco (New York: Harper and Row, 1990), 24.
Chicago Daily News (December 27, 1972): 4.
Seymour M. Hersh, Th e Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House (New York: Summit Books, 1983), 44.
Journal of the House, Alabama State Legislature (1977): 2698.
Bernstein, Grounded, 42.
Gerald R. Salancik, «Commitment and the Control of Organizational Behavior and Belief», New Directions in Organizational Behavior, eds. Barry M. Staw and Gerald R. Salancik (Chicago: St. Clair Press, 1977), 1–54.
Peter Bachrach and Morton S. Baratz, «Two Faces of Power», American Political Science Review 56 (1962): 947–952.
Neil Fligstein, «Th e Intraorganizational Power Struggle: Rise of Finance Personnel to Top Leadership in Large Corporations, 1919–1979», American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 44–58.
David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 435–436.
Ibid., 437.
Глава 13
David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 285.
Ibid., 53.
John W. Meyer and Brian Rowan, «Institutional Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony», American Journal of Sociology 83 (1977) 340–363; Meyer and W. Richard Scott, Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality (Beverly Hills. CA: Sage, 1983).
Martha S. Feldman and James G. March, «Information in Organizations as Signal and Symbol», Administrative Science Quarterly 26 (1981): 171–186.
Fred A. Kramer, «Policy Analysis as Ideology», Public Administrative Review 35 (1975): 509.
Richard M. Cyert, Herbert A. Simon, and Donald B. Trow, «Observation of a Business Decision», Journal of Business 29 (1956): 237–248.
Donald Frey, «Th e Teenies’ Challenge to the Bean Counters», Th e Street Journal (July 16, 1990): A12.
Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 216.
Ibid., 105.
Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of E.F. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 277.
Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest, 304–305.
Ibid., 562–563.
K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander, Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Th en Ignored, the First Personal Computer (New York: William Morrow, 1988).
Ibid., 134.
Ibid., 218.
H Th omas Johnson and Robert S, Kaplan, Relevance Lost: Th e Rise and Fall of Management Accounting (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1987).
Christopher Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive (New York: W.W. Norton, 1986), 56–57.
Jeff rey Pfeff er and Gerald R. Salancik, Th e External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (New York: Harper and Row, 1978).
Gerald R. Salancik and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Th e Bases and Use of Power in Organizational Decision Making: Th e Case of a University», Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (1974): 462–463.
Rosabeth M. Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
David Halberstam, Th e Reckoning (New York: William Morrow, 1986); Max Holland, When the Machine Stopped (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1989).
Jeff rey Pfeff er and Gerald R. Salancik, «Administrator Eff ectiveness: Th e Eff ects of Advocacy and Information on Resource Allocations», Human Relations 30 (1977): 641–656.
N. Dixon, On the Psychology of Military Incompetence (New York: BasicBooks, 1976), 147.
Smith and Alexander, Fumbling the Future.
Meyer and Rowan, «Institutional Organizations».
Smith and Alexander, Fumbling the Future, 190.
Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive, 274–275.
Ibid., 277.
Глава 14
Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 50.
John M. Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 67.
Ibid., 99.
David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 105.
Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power, 78.
Ibid., 81. 7. Ibid., 82.
Ibid., 83.
Ibid.
Philip Selznick, TV A and the Grass Roots (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1949).
Seymour M. Hersh, Th e Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House (New York: Summit Books, 1983), 29.
Henry Kissinger, Th e White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), 42.
Hersh, Th e Price of Power, 35.
Глава 15
Richard M. Nixon, Leaders (New York: Warner Books, 1982), 4.
Jeff rey Pfeff er, Power in Organizations (Marshfi eld, MA: Pitman Publishing, 1981).
Murray Edelman, Th e Symbolic Uses of Politics (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1964), 39.
Ibid., 124.
David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 217.
Edelman, Th e Symbolic Uses of Politics, 12.
Herbert Stein, «Confessions of a Tax Addict», Th e Wall Street Journal (October 2, 1989): A14.
Ibid.
C.W. Morris, Signs, Language and Behavior (New York: Prentice-Hal], 1949), 214.
Mernam-Webster, Inc., Webster’s Th ird New International Dictionary (Springfi eld, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1981), 2619–2620.
Karl E. Weick, «Cognitive Processes in Organizations», Research in Organizational Behavior, ed. Barry M. Staw, vol. 1 (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1979), 42.
Th omas J. Peters, «Symbols, Patterns, and Settings: An Optimistic Case for Getting Th ings Done», Organizational Dynamics 7 (1978): 10.
Nixon, Leaders, 4.
Louis R. Pondy, «Leadership Is a Language Game», Leadership: Where Else Can We Go? eds. Morgan W. McCall, Jr., and Michael M. Lombardo (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1978), 94–95.
Christopher Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive (New York: W.W. Norton, 1986), 63.
Ibid., 64–65.
Frank Rose, West of Eden: Th e End of Innocence at Apple Computer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989), 124–130.
Ibid., 130.
Ibid., 131.
Robert A. Caro, Th e Path to Power: Th e Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), 235.
Ibid., 236.
Edelman, Th e Symbolic Uses of Politics, 123.
Ibid., 78.
Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of EF. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 191.
Ibid., 194.
J. Patrick Wright, On A Clear Day You Can See General Motors (Grosse Point, MI: Wright Enterprises, 1979), 39.
Ibid., 44.
MarcR. Reinganum, «Th e Eff ect of Executive Succession on Shareholder Wealth», Administrative Science Quarterly 30 (1985); 46–60; Stewart D. Friedman and Harbir Singh, «CEO Succession and Stockholder: Th e Infl uence of Organizational Context and Event Content», Academy of Management Journal 32 (1989): 718–744.
Mayer N. Zald, «Who Shall Rule? A Political Analysis of Succession in Large Welfare Organization», Pacifi c Sociological Review 8 (1965): 52–60.
Wright, On a Clear Day, 16–18.
Rose, West of Eden, 139.
John M. Barry, Th e Ambition and t he Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 77.
Rose, West of Eden, 98.
Глава 16
John M. Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 5.
Nicholas Lemann, «Th e Split: A True Story of Washington Lawyers», Washington Post Magazine (March 23, 1980): 20.
Ibid., 19.
Ibid.
Ibid., 20.
Th omas Kessner, Fiorello H. La Guardia and the Making of Modern New York (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989), 570.
David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 511.
Alison Leigh Cowan, «Th e Partners Revolt at Peat Marwick», New York Times (November 18, 1990).
Ibid., 10.
Ibid.
Robert A. Caro, Th e Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 998.
Ibid., 986.
Ibid., 996.
Ibid., 1003.
Ken Auletta, «Th e Fall of Lehman Brothers: Th e Men, Th e Money, Th e Merger», New York Times Magazine (February 24, 1985): 37.
Ibid., 40.
Ibid.
Sally Bedell Smith, In All His Glory: Th e Life of William S. Paley (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990).
Глава 17
Richard T. Pascale, Managing on the Edge (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990).
Robert A. Burgelman, «Intraorganizational Ecology of Strategy-Making and Organizational Adaptation: Th eory and Field Research», Organization Science (in press).
Bryon Burrough and John Helyar, Barbarians at the Gate: Th e Fall of RJR Nabisco (New York: Harper and Row, 1990), 32.
Ibid., 33.
Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 228.
Milgrom and John Roberts, «An Economic Approach to Infl uence Activities in Organizations», American Journal of Sociology 94 (supplement, 1988): S156-S157.
Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of E.F. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 160.
Ibid., 219.
Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander, Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Th en Ignored, the First Personal Computer (New York: William Morrow, 1988), 144.
Frank Rose, West of Eden: Th e End of Innocence at Apple Computer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989), 92.
Nick Kotz, Wild Blue Yonder: Money, Politics, and the B-i Bomber (New York: Pantheon Books, 1988).
Ibid., 11.
Ibid., 14.
Jeff rey Pfeff er, Power in Organizations (Marshfi eld, MA: Pitman Publishing, 1981).
Pascale, Managing on the Edge, 16.
Ibid.
Kathleen M. Eisenhardt and L.J. Bourgeois, «Politics of Strategic Decision Making in High-Velocity Environments: Toward a Midrange Th eory», Academy of Management Journal 31 (1988): 737–770.
Ibid., 742–743.
Ibid., 760.
Harvey M. Sapolsky, Th e Polaris System Development (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972), 232.
Ibid., 242.
Ibid., 244.
Ibid., 246.
Finn Borum, «A Power-Strategy Alternative to Organization Development», Organization Studies 1 (1980): 123–146.
lbid., 129.
Глава 18
Tracy Kidder, Soul of a New Machine (Boston: Atlantic-Little, Brown, 1981), 111.
Jane Gross, «Turning Disease Into a Cause: Breast Cancer Follows AIDS», New York Times (January 7, 1991): A1.
David Halberstam, Th e Reckoning (New York: William Morrow, 1986), 90.
Ibid., 91.
Robert A. Caro, Means of Ascent: Th e Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990), xix-xx.
Ibid., xxi.
Richard M. Nixon, Leaders (New York: Warner Books, 1982), 345.