V. Y. Bocharov, B. G. Tukumtsev
Social Partnership in industrial enterprises
In the article presents the results of analysis of the state of labor relations in modern enterprises, both in Russia and in the economically developed countries abroad, as well as its tendency to vary under the influence of the processes of modernization. Grounded approach to social partnership, as one of the states (forms) of labor relations, which changes its contents under the influence of processes of modernization. The possibility of the conformity assessment process to those members of the labor requirements imposed by a constantly updated technical basis of production. The description of the methodology to assess the involvement of working in the enterprise, and also the state of labor relations.
Keywords: labor relations, social partnership, commitment, involvement, modernization, post-industrial way of life, wage labor, cooperation.
Y. Y. Chilipеnok
Social interaction as the basis of social and labor relations.
The article describes the basics of using the category of “social interaction” to the study of social and labor relations. The author of a detailed analysis of the concept of “social interaction”, “labor” and “labor relations”, considering the subjects of these relations. As a result, proposed by the author’s definition of social interaction, social and labor relations and subjects of social and labor relations. In the final part of the article describes the features of constructing models subjects of social and labor relations and their interactions.
Keywords: social interaction, social and labor relations, the subjects of labor relations.
I. S. Bolshukhina
Modern status and conditions of perspective development of youth entrepreneurship in Russia
In modern Russia the development of small business and individual activities is recognised as the priority directions of the state policy: Strategy‑2020 special attention is paid to the issues of conservation, expansion and legalization of individual entrepreneurial activity and also the problem of self-employment of the active part of the population. Special consideration must be given the issue of youth entrepreneurship as a tool to combat youth unemployment and economic inactivity among this population group. To date, there is a situation, when the lack of state and regional intervention in system of formation of structure of labor resources of the region leads to aggravation of the problems of youth employment and the reduced importance of professional education.
Keywords : Self-employment, youth entrepreneurship, economic education, the competence of the entrepreneur.
B. I. Maximov
New old subjects, actor and technologies of protective activity of hired workers
Author analyzes problems of contemporary working relations many of which it is possible to solve by means (ways) of using elaborated social technologies. Main attention direct efforts towards solving a problem of protective working relations and a role of trade unions. The preconditions (factors) of effectiveness of trade unions exposure. New structure protective organizations consider. Role of Russian labor inspection (Rostrudinspekcya) in protection of work laws examine in interaction with trade unions. The offer put bring forward about of participation of inspection in a control working rights hired labors.
Keywords: Innovations, work relations, working rights, protective organizations, trade unions, factors effectiveness, control Russian labor inspection.
I. A. Sizova
The Precarization in the Labor Sphere of Russia
The first part of the paper, on the basis of theory reveals the essence of the modern phenomenon of precaritzation, which encompass broad strata of the working-age population and have negative impacts on various aspects of their social life and society in general. In the second part, on the basis the results of a survey (content analysis of biographical interviews) of contemporary low-resource employable persons are presented with the purpose of identifying major trends of precarization and specifics of labor and employment precarity in Russia.
Keywords precarization, work, employment, professional integration, unemployment, labor relations, involvement, vulnerability, social cohesion.
V. A. Butkaliuk
State and prospects of the working class of Ukraine in the conditions of the current crisis of neoliberalism
The author examines the evolution of neoliberalism as a leading economic development paradigm of capitalist countries since the early 1980s. The article analyzes the impact of neoliberalism on the transformation of the welfare state in Western Europe. The author also explores the challenges of neoliberal reform of the post-Soviet countries, including Ukraine, shows the impact of reforms on the standard of living and socio-economic state of the working class in Ukraine.
Keywords : working class, neoliberalism, neoliberal reformation, global crisis, social-economic status, welfare state, standard of living.
L. G. Titarenko
Value orientations of the population and professional strategies in contemporary labor market in Belarus
The article deals with the problems related to the changes in value orientations of Belarusian population in the sphere of labor. In the beginning the author gives a general description of modern Belarus according to the labor market parameters. Further the dominant scientific paradigms that are in use for the explanation of post-soviet development, including the labor changes, are discussed. On the basis of survey data from the European and World Value Studies the author discloses the basic value orientation of Belarusian population in comparison with the similar value orientations of Russian population. Finally, on the basis of the own survey, the author characterizes modern professional strategies of Belarusian university graduates. The author argues that these strategies will significantly the quality of labor market in Belarus in the near future.
Keywords: value orientations, labor market, professional strategies, university graduates, Belarus, Russia, European value surveys.
G. N. Sokolova
Social Problems of Employment and Unemployment under Conditions of Labor Market Modernization
Dependence of functioning of labor market on the factors not only economic, but also social efficiency of employment reveals. The main problem consists that the factors reducing economic efficiency, direct or indirect promote increase of social efficiency of employment. As a matter of fact, the conflict between necessity to reach economic efficiency of employment and not to admit thus decrease in its social efficiency is observed. There is a necessity of search of such ways of reduction of labor market for an equilibrium condition where the balance between economic and social efficiency of employment would be observed.
Keywords: labor market, employment, unemployment, economic efficiency of employment, social efficiency of employment.
J. V. Vaskina
Wages and life level of workers in industry
The article deals with the analysis of the industry worker wages and level of the satisfaction of different needs. The author uses data of the sociological researches conducted in the Samara region which show consumer opportunities of the workers with different levels of salary. The conclusion is drawn that in spite of the outlined positive tendencies in nominal salary growth, its real size hasn’t change and that doesn’t allow growing of the standard of living of workers. As the aspects of standard of living the consumer opportunity of workers’ families, living conditions and recreational opportunities were studied.
Keywords: wage, standards of living, living wage, labor relations, living conditions, recreation.
S. G. Klimova, I. A. Klimov
Modernizing effects of social entrepreneurship
The article proposes the definition and empirical features of social enterprise, suitable for identification and to determine the effect of the social activities of such enterprises. On the example of 15 companies operating mainly in small and medium-sized cities in Russia, analyzed activity leaders for the development and creation of new rules and practices that are relevant to achieving not only production, but also for social purposes. A proposed typology of social enterprises, their differing socio-cultural projects and describes the forms of existence of such projects.
Keywords: social enterprise, rules, practices, samples, solidarity, social impact, social and cultural project, completeness, interaction with employees.
L. A. Kudrinskay
Voluntary work: scales, potential and factors of development
Article subject – the volunteering considered in a context of sociology of work. This foreshortening allows to consider scales, potential and factors of development of voluntary activity in the world and in Russia. In article approach in which communication of governmental, commercial and voluntary sectors of modern society is considered is used. Results of the Russian and author’s sociological researches on article subject are given.
Keywords: volunteering, volunteering, work, noncommercial sector, scales of voluntary work, potential, development factors, sociological researches.
S. I. Boyarkina, E. A Ivanova, B. G. Tukumtsev
Sociological Analysis of Postgraduates activities in Saint-Petersburg Scientific Organizations and Universities
Contemporary postgraduate Russian education problems are actualized by this article. The data of the author investigational project, which was carried out in scientific and educational organizations in Saint-Petersburg are presented. An attempt is made to analyze conditions of Postgraduates activities, difficulties which are complicates their work. In focus of our attention is compliance of postgraduate educational model taking place in Saint-Petersburg scientific organizations and universities to requirements of modern science.
Keywords: conditions of postgraduates activities, postgraduate educational difficulties, requirements of modern science.
G. V. Kanygin, M. S. Poltinnikova
Social Knowledge and How to Develop its Tools
In this paper we argue that shortcomings of modern information technologies in social management are due to insufficient flexibility of computer services provided. To avoid the shortcomings we propose a metaphor of social knowledge which is being constructed by a community of social actors. A special attention is put on knowledge tools capable of providing the knowledge, received as a result of actors’ collective actions, of features substantiated in social theory (constructiveness and openness) and mathematical modeling (observability and fullness). The metaphor proposed is assumed for further development as computer ontology.
Keywords: Information and analytical support of government, sociology of management, social knowledge, actor, social environment, tools, social information, social action, term. system, which substantiate a computer model representations of social actors of these processes
A. E. Geger, Y. A. Tchupakhina, S. A. Geger
Computers programs for the qualitative and mixed data analysis
The article describes the problem of computer support for qualitative and mixed data analysis. The possibilities of the six computer programs is systematically explored, among them two domestic developments – Vega and TextAnalyst, as well as four foreign counterparts – MaxQDA, NVivo, Ethnograph, Atlas.ti.
Keywords: computer programs, qualitative data, mixed data, text arrays, classification, codification.
L. V. Panova
Health care financing as a contextual factor of health
The present article investigates into financing of the public medical service since the period of transition. In this paper we analyze four key financial indicators that best reflect the degree of saturation of the material resources in public health service: total health expenditure (THE) in (%) GDP; General government expenditure on health (GGHE) as% of THE; GGHE as% General government expenditure; Out of pocket expenditure as% total health expenditure. A profound research of these indicators applies to application of the multilevel modeling approach. Such an analysis could add to the study of both individual and contextual effects on health in Russia.
Keywords : health, financing of the public health service, total health expenditure; general government expenditure on health, out of pocket expenditure, financial risks, catastrophic expenses.
I. S. Pautov
Sociological analysis of the connections between welfare dynamics and health indicators on the macro-level in the modern Russia
The article represents the results of the author’s research focused on revealing the connections between the dynamics of welfare indicators in Russia from 1990 to 2012 and changes in health indicators of Russians such as life expectancy at birth and the death rate, during the same period. The research is based on the statistical data analysis. The author demonstrates the connections between health indicators of Russians in 1990–2012 and changes in the economic situation, the dynamics of inequality, employment, social support, access to recreational services. Based on these results the author concludes that the changes in the quantity and the quality of social and economic welfare resources at the macro-level are connected with the dynamics of health indicators.
Keywords: welfare, health indicators, inequality, employment, social support.
A. А. Sidorin
Social mechanisms of values young people’s health: activity-activist approach
In this paper we consider the problem of value of young people’s health. Young people quite early start to engage in destructive practices (smoking, alcohol or drags intake), destroying their health. To study this problem, we use activity-activist approach. In this article there are two empirical studies data described. The first is built on the basis of the group survey of students, the second – on the in-depth interviews. Analysis of the data will be viewed through the prism of one of the key sociology concepts – the social mechanism, which was adapted in accordance with the analysis purposes. As the result of the study, we concluded that the health of young people is destroyed not only by social forces, but also by reducing the morale of young people. The most important result we found is that the morale of the young people in a practical understanding of their health value is the base point for overcoming the negative situation with regard to their health.
Keywords: social mechanism, the health young people, deviation, activity-activist approach, social institutions, morality, behavior.
O. B. Bozhкov, T. Z. Protasenko
New forms of behavior as mechanizm of socio-cultural and institutional changes
The new forms of behavior caused the post-perestroika period. New practices associated with social disruption, changes in legislation, as well as individual events.
Keywords: behavior, new forms of social change.
S. N. Ignatova, O. B. Bozhkov
The Interaction of Local Institutions and Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas
The article discusses the interaction and confrontation of institutions of local authorities and rural business. Years of research has shown the important role of this interaction for the stabilization of the situation in rural territories. Both institutions were on the path of reform in the 1990–2000-s. The analysis of how the configuration of these institutions meets the needs of the Russian society, as this configuration looks like, and how different institutions coordinate their activities. The success of business activity in agriculture is determined by the strategy of the leadership of the district (and region) in relation to the industry, as well as human and social capital of the enterprise top managers. This is accompanied by conservation protоsovetsky norms and practices of cooperation between various institutions, when their subjects are deprived of true independence. Local government and rural business didn’t gain independence from the influence of power structures at various levels.
Keywords: rural areas, the local authorities, business, institutions.
N. N. Tszvetaeva
Autobiographical narratives as a resource for the study of social and cultural changes
The article describes the history of the Biographical Fund of Sociological Institute and analyzed some of the methodological and methodical guidance of the work of the author with the materials of this Fund for the study of social and cultural change.
Keywords: Biographical Fund, autobiographical narratives, the study of social and cultural change, methodological and methodical guidance.
A. G. Shchelkin
What has the Sociology Lost, becoming the “Science”, and ceasing to be a “Social Thought”?
In most cases, in the sociology “valuable” aspect of sociological knowledge still is understood falsely, i. e. in positivist manner. From the time of Max Weber the model and the top of scientific knowledge is considered as “value-free knowledge”. Meanwhile, in the “assessment” which in classical times was present in the body of social thought, there is nothing subjective and reprehensible. “Assessment” is, first of all, the assessment of how the observed social phenomenon corresponds / does not meet its “institutional” nature. That is why “understanding by its nature is connected with the assessment always” (K. Jaspers). Sociology, free from the “assessment” and “deontology” (category of “due”), degenerates into “objectivist” science, recording and measuring everything that falls under its “sociological” hand. Such sociology does not distinguish genuine from non-genuine social things. When sociology was “social thought”, it carried the power of critical and assessment view to the world.
Keywords: the genesis of sociology, sociological knowledge, “social thought», critical sociology, “budget” sociology, postmodernism in sociology.