Allman, J., A. Hakeem, J. Erwin, E. Nimchinsy, and P. Hop. 2001. Theanterior cingulate cortex: The evolution of an interface betweenemotion and cognition. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 935:107–117.

Amaro. 2003. Small Boat, Great Mountain: Theravadan Reflectionson the Natural Great Perfection . Redwood Valley, CA: Abhayagiri Buddhist Monastery.

Aron, A., H. Fisher, D. Mashek, G. Strong, H. Li, and L. Brown. 2005. Reward, motivation, and emotion systems associated withearlystage intense romantic love. Journal of Neurophysiology 94:327–337.

Aspinwall, L. G. and S. E. Taylor. 1997. A stitch in time: Self-regulation and proactive coping. Psychological Bulletin 121:417–436.

Atmanspacher, H. and P. Graben. 2007. Contextual emergence of mental states from neurodynamics. Chaos and Complexity Letters 2:151–168.

Baars, B. J. 1997. In the theatre of consciousness: Global workspace theory, a rigorous scientific theory of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies 4:292.

Balter, M. 2007. Brain evolution studies go micro. Science 315:1208–1211.

Bard, K. A. 2006. Are humans the only primates that cry? Scientific American Mind 17:83.

Bateson, M., D. Nettle and G. Robert. 2006. Cues of being watchedenhance cooperation in a real-world setting. Biology Letters 2:412–414.

Baumeister, R., E. Bratlavsky, C. Finkenauer and K. Vohs. 2001. Badis stronger than good. Review of General Psychology 5:323–370.

Begley, S. 2007. Train Your Mind, Change Your Brain: How a NewScience Reveals Our Extraordinary Potential to Transform Ourselves. New York: Ballantine Books.

Benson, H. 2000. The Relaxation Response. New York: Harper Paperbacks.

Bowles, S. 2006. Group competition, reproductive leveling and the evolution of human altruism. Science 314:1569–1572.

Brahm, A. 2006. Mindfulness, Bliss and Beyond: A Meditator’s Handbook . Boston: Wisdom Publications.

Braver, T. and J. Cohen. 2000. On the control of control: The role of dopamine in regulating prefrontal function and working memory. In Control of Cognitive Processes: Attention and Performance XVIII , edited by S. Monsel and J. Driver. Cambridge, MA: MITPress.

Braver, T., D. Barch and J. Cohen. 2002. The role of prefrontal cortex in normal and disordered cognitive control: A cognitiveneuroscience perspective. In Principles of Frontal LobeFunction , edited by D. T. Stuss and R. T. Knight. New York: Oxford University Press.

Brehony, K. A. 2001. After the Darkest Hour: How Suffering Begins the Journey to Wisdom. New York: Macmillan.

Brickman, P., D. Coates and R. Janoff-Bulman. 1978. Lottery winners or accident victims: Is happiness relative? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36:917–927.

Buschman, T. and E. Miller. 2007. Top-down versus bottomupcontrol of attention in the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices. Science 315:1860–1862.

Carter, O. L., D. E. Presti, C. Callistemon, Y. Ungerer, G. B. Liu and J. D. Pettigrew. 2005. Meditation alters perceptual rivalry in Tebetan Buddhist monks. Current Biology 15:412–413.

Cheney, D. L. and R. M. Seyfarth. 2008. Baboon Metaphysics: The Evolution of a Social Mind . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Cheng, D. H., H. T. Ren and C. Xi. 1996. Huperzine A., a novel promisin gacetylcholinesterase inhibitor. NeuroReport 8:97– 101.

Choi, J. and S. Bowles. 2007. The coevolution of parochial altruismand war. Science 318:636–640.

Clarke, R., J. Birks, E. Nexo, P. M. Ueland, J. Schneede, J. Scott,

A. Molloy and J. G. Evans. 2007. Low vitamin B-12 status and risk of cognitive decline in older adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 86:1384–1391.

Cohen, J., G. Aston-Jones and M. Gilzenrat. 2005. A systemslevelperspective on attention and cognitive control. In Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention , edited by M. Posner. New York: Guilford Press.

Coward, F. 2008. Standing on the shoulders of giants. Science 319:1493–1495.

Cunningham, W. and P. D. Zelazo. 2007. Attitudes and evaluations: A social cognitive neuroscience perspective. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11:97–104.

D’Amasio, A. 2000. The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness . Orlando, FL: Harvest Books.

Davidson, R. J. 2004. Well-being and affective style: Neural substratesand biobehavioural correlates. Philosophical Transactionsof the Royal Society 359:1395–1411.

Dehaene, S., C. Sergent and J. Changeux. 2003. A neuronal networkmodel linking subjective reports and objective physiological data during conscious perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100:8520–8525.

De Quervain, D. U. Fischbacher, V. Treyer, M. Schellhammer,

U. Schnyder, A. Buck and E. Fehr. 2004. The neural basis of altruistic punishment. Science 305:1254–1258.

De Waal, F. 2006. Primates and Philosophers: How Morality Evolved . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Dobzhansky, T. 1973. Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. American Biology Teacher 35:125–129.

Dunbar, R. I. M. and S. Shultz. 2007. Evolution in the social brain. Science 317:1344–1347.

Dunn, E. W., L. B. Aknin and M. Norton. 2008. Spending money on others promotes happiness. Science 319:1687–1688.

Dusek, J. A., H. H. Out, A. L. Wohlhueter, M. Bhasin, L. F. Zerbini,

M. G. Joseph, H. Benson and T. A. Libermann. 2008. Genomic counter-stress changes induced by the relaxation response. PLoSONE 3:e2576.

Efferson, C., R. Lalive and E. Feh. 2008. The coevolution of cultural groups and ingroup favoritism. Science 321:1844–1849.

Eisenberger, N. I. and M. D. Lieberman. 2004. Why rejection hurts: A common neural alarm system for physical and social pain. Trends in Cognitive Science 8:294–300.

Ekman, P. 2007. Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life , 2nd ed. New York: Holt and Company LLC.

Engel, A. K., P. Fries and W. Singer. 2001. Dynamic predictions: Oscillations and synchrony in top-down processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2:704–716.

Farb, N. A. S., Z. V. Segal, H. Mayberg, J. Bean, D. McKeon, Z.

Fatima and A. Anderson. Attending to the present: Mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 2:313–322.

Fisher, H. E., A. Aron and L. Brown. 2006. Romantic love: A mammalian brain system for mate choice. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 361:2173–2186.

Fiske, S. T. 2002. What we know about bias and intergroup conflict, the problem of the century. Current Directions in Psychological Science 11:123–128.

Frederickson, B. L. 2000. Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention and Treatment Vol. 3: Article 0001a, posted online March 7, 2000.

2001. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. American Psychologist 56:218–226.

Frederickson, B. L. and R. Levenson. 1998. Positive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions. Psychology Press 12:191–220.

Frederickson, B. L., R. Mancuso, C. Branigan and M. Tugade. 2000. The undoing effect of positive emotions. Motivation and Emotion 24:237–258.

Fronsdal, G, trans. 2006. The Dhammapada: A New Translation o fthe Buddhist Classic with Annotations. Boston: Shambhala.

Galdi, S., L. Arcuri and B. Gawronski. 2008. Automatic mental associations predict future choices of undecided decision makers. Science 321:1100–1102.

Gallagher, S. 2000. Philosophical conceptions of the self: Implicationsfor cognitive science. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4:14–21.

Gallagher, H. and C. Frith. 2003. Functional imaging of “theory of mind.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7:77–83.

Galli, R. L., D. F. Bielinski, A. Szprengiel, B. Shukitt-Hale and

J. A. Joseph. 2006. Blueberry supplemented diet reverses age-related decline in hippocampal HSP70 neuroprotection. Neurobiology of Aging 27:344–350.

Gaskin, S. 2005. Monday Night Class . Summertown, TN: Book Publishing Company.

Gibbons, A. 2008. The birth of childhood. Science 322:1040–1043.

Gillihan, S. and M. Farah. 2005. Is self special? A critical review of evidence from experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Psychological Bulletin 131:76–97.

Gluten sensitivity as a neurological illness. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 72:560–563.

Gottman, J. 1995. Why Marriages Succeed or Fail: And How You Can Make Yours Last. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Gould, E., P. Tanapat, N. B. Hastings, T. Shors. 1999. Neurogenesisin adulthood: A possible role in learning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3:186–192.

Gross, J. J. and O. P. John. 2003. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85:348–362.

Guastella, A. J., P. U. B. Mitchell and M. R. Dads. 2008. Oxytocin increases gaze to the eye region of human faces. Biological Psychiatry 305:3–5.

Gusnard, D. A., E. Abuja, G. I. Schulman and M. E. Raichle. 2001. Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: Relation to a default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98:4259–4264.

Hadjivassiliou, M., A. Gibson, G. A. B. Davies-Jones, A. J. Lobo,

T. J. Stephenson and A. Milford-Ward. 1996. Does cryptic gluten sensitivity play a part in neurological illness? Lancet 347:369–371.

Hadjivassiliou, M., R. A. Gunwale and G. A. B. Davies-Jones. 2002.

Haidt, J. 2007. The new synthesis in moral psychology. Science 316:998–1002.

Han, S. and G. Northoff. 2008. Culture-sensitive neural substrates of human cognition: A transcultural neuroimaging approach. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9: 646–654.

Hanson, R., J. Hanson and R. Pollycove. 2002. Mother Nurture: A Mother’s Guide to Health in Body, Mind and Intimate Relationships . New York: Penguin.

Harbaugh, W. T., U. Mayr and D. R. Burghart. 2007. Neural responses to taxation and voluntary giving reveal motives forcharitable donations. Science 316:1622–1625.

Hariri, A. R., S. Y. Bookheimer and J. C. Mazziotta. 2000. Modulating emotional responses: Effects of a neocortical network on thelimbic system. Neuro Report 11:43–48.

Hebb, D. O. 1949. The organization of behavior. New York: Wiley.

Herrmann, E., J. Call, H. Hernández-Lloreda, B. Hare and

M. Tomasello. 2007. Humans have evolved specialized skills ofsocial cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science 317:1358–1366.

Hо́lzel, B. K., U. Ott, T. Gard, H. Hempel, M. Weygandt,

K. Morgen and D. Vaitl. 2008. Investigation of mindfulness meditation practitioners with voxel-based morphometry. Social Cognitiveand Affective Neuroscience 3:55–61.

Hyman, M. 2009. The Ultra Mind Solution . New York: Scribner.

Jankowiak, W. and E. Fischer. 1992. Romantic love: A cross-cultural perspective. Ethnology 31:149–155.

Jha, A. P., J. Krompinger and M. J. Baime. 2007. Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral Neuroscience 7:109–119.

Jiang, Y. and S. He. 2006. Cortical responses to invisible faces: Dissociating subsystems for facial-information processing. Current Biology 16:2023–2029.

Joseph, J. A., N. A. Denisova, G. Arendash, M. Gordon, D. Diamond,

B. Shukitt-Hale and D. Morgan. 2003. Blueberry supplementation enhances signaling and prevents behavioral defi-cits in an Alzheimer disease model. Nutritional Neuroscience 6(3):153–162.

Judson, O. 2007. The selfless gene. Atlantic , October, 90–97.

Kaplan, B. J., S. G. Crawford, C. J. Field and J. S. A. Simpson. 2007. Vitamins, minerals and mood. Psychological Bulletin 133:747–760.

Keeley, L. H. 1997 . War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage . New York: Oxford University Press.

Kidd, P. 2005. Neurodegeneration from mitochondrial insufficiency: Nutrients, stem cells, growth factors and prospects for brain rebuilding using integrative management. Alternative Medicine Review 10:268–293.

Knoch, D., A. Pascual-Leone, K. Meyer, V. Treyer and E. Fehr. 2006. Diminishing reciprocal fairness by disrupting the right prefrontal cortex. Science 314:829–832.

Koch, C. and N. Tsuchiya. 2006. Attention and consciousness: Two distinct brain processes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11:16–22.

Kocsis, B. and R. P. Vertes. 1994. Characterization of neurons ofthe supramammillary nucleus and mammillary body that dischargerhythmically with the hippocampal theta rhythm in therat. Journal of Neuroscience 14:7040–7052.

Kornfield, J. 1996. Teachings of the Buddha. Boston: Shambhala.

Kosfeld, M., M. Heinrichs, P. Zak, U. Fischbacher and E. Fehr. 2005. Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature 435:673–676.

Kristal-Boneh, E., M. Raifel, P. Froom and J. Ribak. 1995. Heart ratevariability in health and disease. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 21:85–95.

Lazar, S., C. Kerr, R. Wasserman, J. Gray, D. Greve, M. Treadway, M. McGarvey, B. Quinn, J. Dusek, H. Benson, S. Rauch, C. Moore and B. Fischl. 2005. Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness. Neuro Report 16:1893–1897.

Leary, M. R., C. E. Adams and E. B. Tate. 2006. Hypo-egoic selfregulation: Exercising self-control by diminishing the influenceof the self. Journal of Personality 74:180–183.

Leary, M. R. and N. R. Buttermore. 2003. The evolution of the humanself: Tracing the natural history of self-awareness. Journal forthe Theory of Social Behaviour 33:365–404.

Leary, M., E. Tate, C. Adams, A. Allen and J. Hancock. 2007. Selfcompassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: Theimplications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality 92:887–904.

LeDoux, J. E. 1995. Emotion: Clues from the brain. Annual Review of Psychology 46:209–235.

Legrand, D. and Ruby, P. 2009. What is self-specific? Theoretical investigation and critical review of neuroimaging results. Psychological Review 116: 252–282.

Lewis, M. D. 2005. Self-organizing individual differences in brain development. Developmental Review 25:252–277.

Lewis, M. D. and R. M. Todd. 2007. The self-regulating brain: Cortical-subcortical feedback and the development of intelligentaction. Cognitive Development 22:406–430.

Libet, B. 1999. Do we have free will? Journal of Consciousness Studies 6:47–57.

Licinio J., P. W. Gold and M. L. Wong. 1995. A molecular mechanism for stress-induced alterations in susceptibility to disease. Lancet 346:104–106.

Lieberman, M., N. Eisenberg, M. Crocket, S. Tom, J. Pfeifer and

B. Way. 2007. Putting feelings into words. Psychological Science 18:421–428.

Lilly, J. 2006. The Deep Self: Consciousness Exploration in the Isolation Tank. Nevada City, CA: Gateways Books and Tapes.

Linden, D. J. 2007. The Accidental Mind: How Brain Evolution Has Given Us Love, Memory, Dreams and God . Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Luders, E., A. W. Toga, N. Lepore and C. Gaser. 2009. The underlying anatomical correlates of long-term meditation: larger hippocampal and frontal volumes of gray matter. Neuroimage 45 :672–678.

Luskin, F., M. Reitz, K. Newell, T. G. Quinn and W. Haskell. 2002. A controlled pilot study of stress management training of elderlypatients with congestive heart failure. Preventive Cardiology 5:168–174.

Lutz, A., J. Brefczynski-Lewis, T. Johnstone and R. Davidson. 2008. Regulation of the neural circuitry of emotion by compassion meditation: Effects of meditative expertise. PLoS ONE 3(3): e1897.

Lutz, A., L. Greischar, N. Rawlings, M. Ricard and R. Davidson. 2004. Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude gammasynchrony during mental practice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101:16369–16373.

Lutz, A., J. Lachaux, J. Martinerie and F. Varela. 2002. Guiding the study of brain dynamics by first-person data: Synchrony patterns correlate with ongoing conscious states during a simple visual task. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99:1586–1591.

Lutz, A., H. A. Slager, J. D. Dunne and R. J. Davidson. 2008. Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 12:163–169.

Ma, Q. L., B. Teter, O. J. Ubeda, T. Morihara, D. Dhoot, M. D. Nyby,

M. L. Tuck, S. A. Frautschy and G. M. Cole. 2007. Omega-3fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid increases SorLA/LR11, a sorting protein with reduced expression in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD): Relevance to AD prevention. The Journal of Neuroscience 27:14299–14307.